SUPPLEMENT
GOVERNMENT OF GOA
Department of Archaeology
Notification
The Goa State Heritage Policy 2025 as approved by the Council of Ministers in the LXXIIIrd Cabinet
Meeting held on 11/06/2025 is hereby pre-published for information of all and for its implementation.
The same is issued with the approval of the Government vide U.O. No.19 dated.20/06/2025.
By order and in the name of Governor of Goa.
Dr. Nilesh B. Fal Dessai,
Director Department of Archaeology & Ex-Officio Joint Secretary
Executive Summary: Goa State Heritage Policy 2025 (GSHP-2025)
The Goa State Heritage Policy 2025 (GSHP-2025) is a comprehensive policy framework aimed at
conserving, protecting and promoting Goa's unique cultural, historical and natural heritage. Developed
with a blend of global best practices and localized strategies, the policy ensures heritage preservation while
enabling sustainable development and fostering community engagement.
Policy Structure
GSHP-2025 is organized into six sections:
Part A: Review of Global and National Heritage Policy Frameworks
Part B: Legal and Legislative Frameworks
Part C: Core Areas of Heritage Management
Part D: Other important areas-Specialized Heritage Management Guidelines
Part E: Action Plan for Policy Implementation
Part F: Annexures and References
Vision Statement
“To conserve, protect and celebrate Goa’s diverse and unparalleled natural and cultural heritage by
ensuring its historical continuity and integrating it into the fabric of contemporary governance, education
No. 1(66)/HP/2024-25/Archaeology/257
Date: 20-Jun-2025
Suggestions are welcomed on e-mail: [email protected]
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and sustainable development.”
Mission Statement
To establish a heritage management system that safeguards, defines and promotes Goa's cultural, natural
and intangible heritage while fostering community involvement, educational outreach and sustainable
tourism.
Core Objectives
Comprehensive Heritage Conservation: Safeguard Goa’s heritage from prehistoric times to post-liberation.
Cultural Landscape Protection: Protect eco-cultural landscapes such as sacred groves, Khazan lands and
biodiversity-rich ecosystems.
Architectural and Archaeological Integrity: Preserve religious and historical sites while enabling adaptive
reuse.
Promotion of Intangible Heritage: Sustain oral traditions, folk arts, music, festivals and culinary heritage.
Community and Educational Engagement: Build awareness through education, training and local
partnerships.
Eco-Cultural Tourism Integration: Develop heritage-based tourism models that respect cultural integrity.
Policy and Legal Reforms: Strengthen legal frameworks to combat cultural crimes and unauthorized
encroachments.
Adaptive Reuse and Sustainability: Encourage heritage building reuse with sustainable, economically
viable models.
Incentives for Private Heritage Properties
Financial Incentives: Provide subsidies, grants and low-interest loans for conservation and restoration
work.
Tax Rebates: Offer property tax reductions for maintaining listed heritage properties.
Technical Support: Extend expert assistance, architectural consultations and project supervision at
subsidized rates.
Recognition and Awards: Establish heritage conservation awards to honour outstanding preservation
efforts.
Tourism Integration: Facilitate the integration of conserved private heritage homes into the cultural tourism
circuit.
Key Policy Areas
Definitions and Categorization: Establish clear definitions for natural, cultural, architectural and intangible
heritage.
Heritage Asset Registry: Develop a GIS-based digital platform for tracking heritage assets.
Conservation and Preservation Standards: Issue technical manuals for best practices.
Community Participation and Private Sector Engagement: Form heritage committees and promote
partnerships.
Educational Integration: Include heritage conservation in academic curricula.
Tourism Development: Promote heritage tourism through curated experiences.
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Implementation Framework
Administrative Reforms: Establish the Goa State Heritage Council, advisory panels and monitoring bodies.
Budget Allocations: Introduce dedicated heritage funds and CSR-driven projects.
Monitoring and Compliance: Conduct regular audits, evaluations and inspections.
Legal and Policy Frameworks
GSHP-2025 aligns with international conventions such as UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention, India’s
heritage laws and environment-related acts like the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986. Proposed
reforms include site-specific zoning and eco-sensitive regulations.
GSHP-2025 envisions a balanced heritage management system that supports sustainable development,
cultural pride and ecological resilience. Its inclusive and adaptive approach ensures that Goa’s heritage
remains a living legacy for future generations.
GOA STATE HERITAGE POLICY-2025
Policy Preliminaries: -
Nomenclature and Structure of the document
This Government of Goa public policy document supersedes any other policy document of the state
government on this subject. It would be known as Goa State Heritage Policy, 2025 and hereafter referred to
as GSHP-2025. Throughout the document, “we” and “ours” imply the Government of Goa.
This policy document is divided into six parts: -
Part A: -A Review of Global Heritage Policy Frameworks and Comprehensive Review of Heritage Policy
Documents in Indian States and Union Territories
Part B: -International and National Legal Frameworks for Heritage Conservation & Relevant Legislation
on Archives, Archaeology and Museums
Part C: - Core areas of GSHP-2025
Part D: - Other important areas-Specialized Heritage Management Guidelines
Part E: -An action plan to implement GSHP-2025
Part F: - Annexures and references
Period for the implementation and revision: -
Unless it is decided by the Government of Goa otherwise, the implementation period of the policy would
be five years from the date of its notification in the official gazette and the first revision preferably could
be made after five years or after such a period which could be less as the government considers appropriate
PART A
A Review of Global Heritage Policy Frameworks
Heritage policies play a crucial role in preserving cultural and historical assets at the national level.
Countries worldwide have implemented diverse legal and administrative frameworks to safeguard their
cultural heritage. This overview highlights significant heritage conservation practices from various
countries arranged by continent as reference points for shaping the Goa State Heritage Policy.
Global Best Practices in Heritage Conservation
1. Africa
1.1. South Africa
South Africa’s National Heritage Resources Act protects its archaeological, paleontological and historical
sites, managed by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA).
2. Asia
2.1. China
China’s Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics governs the preservation of movable and immovable
heritage assets through stringent national policies.
2.2. Japan
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Japan’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties categorizes cultural assets into tangible and intangible
properties, ensuring holistic preservation through national and local collaboration.
2.3. Thailand
The Act on Ancient Monuments, Antiques, Objects of Art and National Museums (B.E. 2504) governs
Thailand's cultural heritage protection and preservation.
3. Europe
3.1. Austria
Austria’s Monument Protection Act (Denkmalschutzgesetz) protects historically significant properties
administered by the Federal Monuments Office (Bundesdenkmalamt).
3.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Commission to Preserve National Monuments ensures heritage protection and management across the
country through legally established frameworks.
3.3. France
The Heritage Code consolidates France’s cultural heritage laws, ensuring comprehensive preservation
policies backed by national legislation.
3.4. Germany
Germany's heritage management is guided by its federal structure, with Länder (states) having specific
heritage laws, supported by federal guidelines.
3.5. Greece
Greece’s Law on the Protection of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage ensures the preservation of its
archaeological and cultural heritage through national legal frameworks.
3.6. Hungary
Hungary’s legislative framework for heritage conservation is implemented through national-level
protective laws.
3.7. Ireland
Ireland's National Monuments Acts protect archaeological monuments and cultural sites through the
National Monuments Service.
3.8. Italy
Italy’s Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code sets out principles for protecting cultural and natural heritage
assets.
3.9. Latvia
Latvia’s Law on the Protection of Cultural Monuments ensures state-administered preservation of its
historical and cultural landmarks.
3.10. Lithuania
Lithuania’s Law on the Protection of Immovable Cultural Heritage governs heritage conservation through
national agencies.
3.11. Luxembourg
The National Institute for Architectural Heritage enforces Luxembourg’s Law on the Protection of Cultural
Heritage.
3.12. Netherlands
The Heritage Act governs the Netherlands' cultural heritage protection through the Cultural Heritage
Agency.
3.13. Poland
Poland’s Act on the Protection and Guardianship of Monuments provides comprehensive heritage
protection through the National Heritage Board of Poland.
3.14. Portugal
Portugal’s Law based on Cultural Heritage Policy defines national principles for heritage conservation
managed by the Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage.
3.15. Romania
Romania’s Law on the Protection of Historical Monuments ensures cultural site preservation through its
National Institute of Heritage.
4. North America
4.1. Canada
Canada’s Historic Sites and Monuments Act enables the designation of national heritage sites. Additional
frameworks like Ontario’s Heritage Act empower local authorities.
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4.2. Mexico
Mexico’s heritage legislation, derived from Spanish colonial laws, ensures the protection of archaeological
and historical sites through national mechanisms.
4.3. United States
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 established the National Register of Historic Places,
forming a comprehensive heritage management framework overseen by federal and state-level bodies.
5. South America
5.1. Brazil
Brazil's heritage preservation is managed by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage
(IPHAN), established in 1937. IPHAN is responsible for preserving buildings, monuments, structures,
objects and sites deemed of historic or cultural importance to the country.
5.2. Argentina
Argentina has implemented heritage conservation policies to protect its cultural assets, including historical
monuments and sites of national significance. The country has established institutions responsible for
documenting and preserving cultural heritage.
5.3. Chile
Chile has an extraordinary archaeological heritage spanning over a thousand years. The country has faced
challenges in heritage conservation, particularly in remote areas like Easter Island. Efforts have been made
to address these challenges through conferences and collaborations to improve preservation practices.
Review of Heritage Policies in Indian States and Union Territories
1. States (North to South)
1. Himachal Pradesh
The Himachal Pradesh Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,
1976. It is used to preserve historical temples, forts and heritage sites by the Department of Language, Art
and Culture
2. Punjab
The Punjab Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1964, manages
iconic sites like the Golden Temple and heritage museums.
3. Uttarakhand
The Uttarakhand Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains Act protects heritage temples and
pilgrimage sites like Kedarnath and Badrinath.
4. Uttar Pradesh
The Uttar Pradesh Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1956,
manages UNESCO sites like the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri and Varanasi Ghats.
5. Rajasthan
The Rajasthan Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Antiquities Act of 1961 preserves heritage sites like
Jaipur’s palaces, Jaisalmer Fort and Udaipur’s City Palace.
6. Gujarat
The Gujarat Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1965, protects sites like the
Sun Temple in Modhera, Rani ki Vav and Lothal.
7. Madhya Pradesh
The Madhya Pradesh Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1964 manages
heritage sites like Khajuraho, Sanchi Stupa and Bhimbetka rock shelters.
8. Bihar
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The Bihar Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites, Remains and Art Treasures Act, 1976 promotes
heritage tourism in Bodh Gaya, Nalanda and Rajgir.
9. West Bengal
The West Bengal Heritage Commission Act, 2001 manages heritage sites like the colonial-era buildings of
Kolkata and Bishnupur temples.
10. Odisha
The Odisha Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1956 preserves world-renowned sites like the Konark
Sun Temple and Puri's Jagannath Temple.
11. Chhattisgarh
The Chhattisgarh Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites Act focuses on tribal heritage and historic
temples like Sirpur and Bastar.
12. Telangana
The Telangana Heritage (Protection, Preservation, Conservatio and Maintenance) Act, 2017 manages
historical sites like Charminar, Golconda Fort and Warangal’s Kakatiya temples.
13. Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1960 promotes
Buddhist heritage sites like Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda and ancient temples.
14. Karnataka
The Karnataka Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1961, preserves UNESCO
sites like Hampi, Pattadakal and the Mysore Palace.
15. Kerala
The Kerala Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1968.They organize temple
festivals and protect heritage sites like Padmanabhaswamy Temple.
16. Tamil Nadu
The Tamil Nadu Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1966
manages UNESCO World Heritage temples like Brihadisvara and Meenakshi Temple.
2. Union Territories (North to South)
1. Ladakh
Managed under central heritage preservation acts and focuses on preserving monasteries, palaces and
Himalayan cultural heritage.
2. Jammu and Kashmir
The Jammu and Kashmir Heritage Conservation and Preservation Act, 2010.
preserves cultural heritage through Mughal gardens, temples and traditional crafts.
3. Delhi (National Capital Territory)
The Delhi Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 2004.Managed
by Delhi Heritage Management Secretariat and Delhi Urban Art Commission.
4. Chandigarh
Modern heritage is protected under state policies aimed to preserve modern architectural landmarks
designed by Le Corbusier.
5. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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The Andaman and Nicobar Monuments and Heritage Preservation Act protects marine heritage and
historical sites like the Cellular Jail.
6. Puducherry
French colonial buildings are protected under local heritage acts, which preserve historical buildings and
French architectural heritage.
7. Lakshadweep
It is governed by central heritage and marine preservation laws aimed to protect island culture and marine
biodiversity.
Comprehensive Review of Heritage Policy Documents in Indian States and Union Territories
Most Indian states and union territories lack formal state-level heritage policy documents. Instead, they
rely on legislative acts, administrative orders, conservation guidelines and cultural programs. Below is a
comprehensive review of available policy documents, frameworks and conservation initiatives.
States and Union Territories with Policy Documents or Frameworks
1. Maharashtra
Cultural Policy, 2024
It integrates cultural heritage with tourism, focusing on preserving forts, caves and Maratha military
heritage. Proposed the nomination of 12 Maratha forts for UNESCO World Heritage recognition.
Recognized creative industries and heritage conservation as central to Maharashtra’s cultural agenda.
2. Telangana
Telangana Heritage (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Maintenance) Act, 2017
It protects historical sites like Charminar, Golconda Fort and Warangal temples and establishes
conservation protocols for built heritage, cultural practices and archaeology.
3. West Bengal
West Bengal Heritage Commission Act, 2001
It established the West Bengal Heritage Commission. Responsible for identifying, listing and preserving
heritage structures. Particularly focused on Kolkata's colonial-era buildings.
4. Delhi (National Capital Territory)
The Delhi Urban Art Commission and Delhi Heritage Management Secretariat manage Delhi Heritage
Management Policy Framework (Administrative Order). It focuses on conserving Mughal, colonial and
modern heritage sites. Encourages heritage walks, tourism and cultural events.
5. Puducherry (UT)
Puducherry Heritage Conservation Guidelines focus on protecting its French colonial architecture.
Managed through local guidelines for heritage buildings and urban planning.
The following states rely on legislative acts, administrative frameworks, or cultural programs but
lack formal policy documents related to heritage conservation:
1. Rajasthan: Heritage conservation is driven by the Department of Archaeology and Museums and the
Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation. No specific policy document.
2. Karnataka: Managed by the Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage. Heritage conservation
is site-specific with no overarching policy document.
3. Tamil Nadu: Prominent heritage projects like the restoration of UNESCO temples are administratively
driven but lack a formal policy.
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4. Gujarat: Managed by the State Archaeology Department, focusing on sites like Lothal and Modhera
without a policy framework.
5. Kerala: Cultural heritage projects are run by the Department of Cultural Affairs, with no standalone
heritage policy.
6. Punjab: State-level cultural and heritage conservation projects are implemented through the Tourism and
Cultural Affairs Department, with no dedicated policy.
7. Odisha: The Odisha State Archaeology department runs several conservation programs, but no published
policy.
8. Bihar: Relies on project-based heritage management through Bihar State Archaeology Directorate.
9. Chhattisgarh: Tribal and heritage sites are managed through cultural and tourism departments, with no
policy framework.
10. Madhya Pradesh: Heritage management is driven by the Directorate of Archaeology, Archives and
Museums without a policy document.
Union Territories with No Formal Heritage Policies
1. Chandigarh: Architectural preservation is limited to modernist heritage led by the city administration
(not policy-based).
2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Marine heritage and tribal conservation occur through the local
administration but without a dedicated policy.
3. Lakshadweep: Island-specific heritage conservation is guided by central policies on marine preservation.
Goa State Heritage Policy has considered this area's global and national position.
Part B
The following international and national legal frameworks provide essential reference points for heritage
conservation efforts in Goa. They outline relevant principles, obligations and best practices that would
guide and inform the Goa State Heritage Policy -2025,where applicable.
I. International Legal Instruments (United Nations and UNESCO Frameworks)
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) Establishes
responsibilities for identifying, protecting and preserving heritage of outstanding universal value. It guides
the creation of the World Heritage List and the World Heritage Fund.
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) emphasizes the preservation of
traditions, performing arts, rituals and social practices. It highlights community engagement and
knowledge transfer.
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) provides a legal framework for
safeguarding underwater cultural assets like shipwrecks and submerged ruins. Advocates in-situ
preservation and regulated activities.
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) Aims to prevent illicit cultural property trafficking. Establishes
measures for recovering stolen or illegally exported heritage objects.
Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (2011) promotes a comprehensive approach to urban
heritage conservation. Encourages sustainable management of historic urban environments.
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Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (1964) Establishes
foundational principles for conserving historical buildings and sites. Ensures authenticity and cultural
context preservation.
Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) Expands on the Venice Charter, stressing cultural diversity in
authenticity definitions.
Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989) supports the preservation
and documentation of traditional cultural expressions.
UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001) Recognizes cultural diversity as humanity's
common heritage. Encourages its integration into heritage conservation policies.
Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (2005) Highlights the societal value of
cultural heritage. Promotes community participation and human rights integration.
II. National Legal Instruments in India
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (AMASR), 1958 Protects monuments
and archaeological sites of national importance. Empowers the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as the
implementation authority.
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act of 1972 Regulates the trade, export and import of antiquities.
Mandates registration of cultural property.
The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 Protects ecologically significant sites with heritage value.
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, offers a legal framework for environmental conservation linked
to heritage preservation.
The Biological Diversity Act of 2002 Addresses biodiversity conservation, including traditional knowledge
systems.
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act of 1957 Regulates mining activities to
minimize damage to heritage sites.
The Indian Forest Act of 1927 Safeguards forests, sacred groves and ecologically sensitive heritage sites.
The Constitution of India (Articles 49 & 51A) Directs the state to protect national heritage and imposes a
duty on citizens to preserve cultural assets.
The Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines
Encourage integrating heritage conservation into urban planning.
The National Monuments Authority (NMA) Guidelines Prescribe conservation standards for regulated
construction zones near heritage sites.
The Heritage Conservation Committee (HCC) Guidelines Recommend methods for conserving urban
heritage buildings.
The Public Records Act of 1993 Governs the preservation of historical public records.
The National Cultural Fund (NCF) Mobilizes resources for cultural heritage conservation.
The Right to Information Act of 2005 Facilitates transparency and accountability in heritage management.
The Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991, Preserves the religious character of sites as of
August 15; The National Museum Policy Provides Museum management and artifact preservation
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guidelines.
Relevant Legislation on Archives, Archaeology and Museums
Archives
The Archival Policy Resolution, 1990
The Public Records Act, 1993
The Public Records Rules, 1997
The Goa Public Records Act, 2023 and the Goa public records rules, 2024 (to be implemented from
January 1, 2025)
Archaeology
The Indian treasure-trove Act, 1878
The Antiquities (Export Control) Act, 1947 (repealed by the act, 1972)
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
The Antiquities and art treasure rules, 1973
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978 and Rules, 1980
The Goa, Daman and Diu Treasure Trove Rules, 1975
Museums
The Indian Museum Act, 1910
Indian Museum Rules, 1970
Indian Museum (amendment) rules, 1982
Indian Museum bye-laws, 1977
Indian Museum (amendment) bye-laws, 1981
These legislative instruments shall continue to be enforced under the Goa State Heritage Policy-2025.
Where necessary and permissible, progressive legislative reforms, as recommended in the policy at the
state level, will be undertaken to strengthen heritage conservation efforts.
Part C
Core areas of the GOA STATE HERITAGE POLICY-2025
Preamble
Whereas the cultural and natural heritage of Goa forms the very essence of its identity, deeply rooted in its
landscapes, seascapes, rivers, forests and vibrant multicultural society shaped by millennia of historical and
cultural exchanges;
Acknowledging Goa’s unique heritage that spans from prehistoric rock art sites of Panasaimal, Kolamb and
ancient megalithic monuments to its world-renowned heritage structures such as the UNESCO-listed
churches and convents of Old Goa, its historic temples like Mangueshi and Shantadurga, the resilient forts
of Tiracol, Aguada, Alorna, Corjuem, Chapora and Cabo de Rama and its traditional village communities
preserving local art, crafts and folklore;
Recognizing the exceptional environmental heritage of Goa, including its biodiversity-rich Western Ghats,
mangrove ecosystems, National parks, six wildlife sanctuaries such as Bhagwan Mahavir and Cotigao, the
protected islands of Chorao and Divar, coastal lagoons, sand dunes, sacred groves and Khazan lands that
reflect an enduring harmony between nature and sustainable traditional practices;
Mindful of Goa’s spiritual and cultural heritage, reflected in its sacred groves, heritage trails, annual
religious festivals, traditional folk performances (see Part F) like Mando, Dekhni, Fugdi and Dhalo and its
thriving music, dance and culinary traditions rooted in the fusion of Indo-Portuguese cultures;
Concerned about the increasing pressures of land-use change, unplanned urbanization, encroachments near
heritage monuments, demographic transitions, large-scale migration of Goans to foreign countries and the
heavy influx of migrants from low-wage to high-wage areas in Goa altering the socio-cultural balance and
cultural demographics of the state.
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Recognizing the impacts of mass tourism, ecological and cultural simplification, cultural pollution and the
declining practice of traditional arts, crafts and folk forms, which face the risk of extinction unless
proactively supported and preserved.
Aware of the growing threats of thefts in religious centers, plundering of unguarded heritage houses, the
illicit trade of antiques and the need for stronger legal protection, safety and enforcement measures to
prevent heritage crimes.
Affirming the commitment to uphold international conventions such as the UNESCO World Heritage
Convention, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the Ramsar Convention
on Wetlands and the Convention on Biological Diversity while ensuring compliance with national heritage
and environmental conservation frameworks.
Emphasizing the indispensable role of education, research, technology and community engagement in
promoting heritage awareness and sustainable management practices while honoring the wisdom of local
Scheduled Castes and OBCs, traditional fisher people, and local Tribalssuch as the Kunbis, Gaudes and
Velips, besides agropastoral Goa Goulys/Dhangar community whose cultural practices form the living
heritage of Goa;
Determined to adopt an inclusive, participatory approach that respects the contributions of local
communities, cultural organizations, research institutions, and the tourism and creative industries in
preserving and celebrating Goa’s heritage.
Committed to addressing contemporary challenges such as climate change-induced coastal erosion, loss of
traditional occupations, unplanned urban development and threats from invasive economic activities that
jeopardize Goa’s fragile natural and cultural ecosystems.
Hereby, the Government of Goa sets forth the Goa State Heritage Policy 2025 (GSHP-2025), establishing a
comprehensive framework for protecting, conserving and promoting the state’s tangible and intangible
heritage. This policy seeks to create a resilient heritage management system balancing conservation
imperatives with sustainable development goals, ensuring the long-term preservation of Goa’s unique
legacy.
This preamble precedes the introduction, vision and mission statements of GSHP-2025, laying the
foundation for a future-oriented, culturally sensitive and environmentally responsible heritage management
policy. It reflects the shared responsibility of the people and the state toward safeguarding Goa’s enduring
heritage for the well-being and inspiration of future generations.
Introduction
Goa’s rich heritage spans thousands of years, with its roots tracing back to the arrival of the first toolmaker,
Homo sapiens, over 50-60,000 years ago in the Zuari River valley ( see Part F for prehistoric sites). This
heritage encompasses prehistoric periods, the rise of early agriculture, the formation of first villages or
‘ganv’, the foundation of “ganvpon” and first Gaunkaris or village communities and the rule of multiple
dynasties and colonial powers, culminating in Portuguese rule until 1961. Goa’s diverse natural and
cultural heritage includes sacred groves, ancient architectural styles and traditions of nature worship.
Despite its small geographical size—just 3,701 square kilometers—Goa is home to a wealth of heritage
assets across 11 river basins, two districts, 12 revenue talukas, 380 revenue villages, 191 village
panchayats, 70 census towns, 13 municipal councils, one city corporation. The policy addresses this vast
heritage’s conservation, preservation, protection and management while promoting sustainable tourism and
community involvement.
Goa's cultural heritage is a rich tapestry woven from its geological antiquity, diverse human settlements
and various traditions and influences. The landmass of Goa, with its most ancient rocks dating back 2.5-3.5
billion of years, has provided a fertile ground for human habitation and cultural evolution. The state's
culture is deeply rooted in the Mandovi and Zuari river basins which together drain 69% of area of the
state, reflecting a harmonious relationship between its people and the natural environment.
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Understanding Goan culture necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating geological,
ecological, anthropological and historical perspectives. Researchers have emphasized over the past 60
years that, despite colonial and Western influences, Goa's culture remains an integral part of the Indian
subcontinent's broader cultural mosaic. This is evident in the state's traditions of eco-theological worship,
sustainable natural resource management through institutions like the 'gaunkaris,' and a society
characterized by linguistic and technological blending.
The cultural identity of Goa is further enriched by its human diversity, comprising various racial types and
41 kinship groups. The state's folklore boasts over 46 major folk forms, engaging more than two lakh
artists. Linguistically, Goa is a treasure trove of idioms and proverbs, reflecting its rich sociolinguistic
heritage. Historically, Goa has been a hub of maritime trade and commerce, fostering a cosmopolitan
lifestyle. Its architectural landscape is a living museum of Indian Baroque and Christian art, showcasing a
blend of architectural traditions.
Goa's natural heritage is equally remarkable, featuring ancient rocks, biodiversity with about 5000 plus
cataloged living species, diverse ecosystems, numerous rivers, springs, tanks and a rich plant biodiversity
encompassing around 1750 plant species including domesticated varieties. The state's humid climate,
abundant monsoon rainfall and excellent forest cover contribute to its lush landscapes, attracting tourists
worldwide.
Exactly what typifies the Goan heritage? The state's cultural identity is encapsulated in various typological
symbols, each representing unique aspects of Goan heritage and few illustrative examples unique to Goa
are given below:
Khunti: The first marking peg driven into the land by the initial village settler.
Mand: The sacred platform in the village for community functions.
Barazan: A place where twelve elders traditionally met.
Budhvont: The most learned individual in a clan.
Taranga: The sacred insignia of the earth goddess, symbolized as an umbrella.
Ghumot: An earthen drum, serving as a membranophone.
Shigmo: The all-male spring typical Goan festival.
Dhalo: The all-female winter folk dance, songs and ecofeminist festival.
Bhous: The age-old general body of the Gavade tribals.
Aikhase: The ancient council of the Gouly/Dhangar elders.
Malchi Pander: The formless Dhangar/Gouly mother goddess.
Sangod: A jointed raft made from canoes to carry deities.
Santeri: Earth goddess worshipped in the form of an anthill.
Tiatra: The Konkani musical drama/theatre.
Jagor: A traditional Goan folk play.
Mando: A Goan lyric with romantic and social themes.
Feni: A fermented local brew made from cashew apples.
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Perni Jagor: A mask dance drama of antiquity.
Humon: The typical spicy Goan fish curry.
Bebinca: A Goan coconut and jaggery-based sweet.
Khotakhotem: An exclusively Goan vegetable preparation.
Khaje/Kadyo-Bodyo: A traditional Goan village sweetmeat.
Foger: The traditional Goan pyrotechnician.
Garhane: A community mass prayer.
Ladainha: Religious music presented before a cross as part of offering and fulfilling vows.
Manos: A sluice gate on a creek.
These symbols, among many others, spotlight the traditional knowledge wealth of Goa, each with its
evolutionary history. They collectively express the rich and diverse hues of Indian culture, underscoring
Goa's integral role in the Indian civilizational mosaic.
Goa's cultural and natural heritage is a testament to its historical journey, ecological diversity and the
harmonious coexistence of various traditions and influences. This intricate tapestry forms the foundation
for developing policies to preserve and promote Goa's unique heritage for future generations.
Goa State Heritage Policy 2025 is designed to protect this heritage by integrating conservation efforts
across a wide temporal span, from prehistoric settlements to Portuguese colonial architecture. It aligns with
global and national standards to ensure that Goa’s cultural and natural heritage is preserved for future
generations despite the challenges of modernization and urbanization.
Vision Statement
“To conserve, protect and celebrate Goa’s diverse and unparalleled natural and cultural heritage by
ensuring its historical continuity and integrating it into contemporary governance, education and
sustainable development. This vision seeks to honor and preserve Goa’s tangible heritage, including its
monuments, sacred landscapes and traditional settlements, as well as its intangible legacy of folk traditions,
performing arts and rituals, recognizing their deep-rooted significance to the identity and resilience of the
state.
Goa stands as a unique cultural crucible where the East and West have historically converged, fostering a
rich tapestry of social harmony, unity and shared heritage. The state’s institutions, such as the gaunkaris or
communidades, exemplify centuries-old practices of collective resource management and governance. At
the same time, the presence of India’s only common civil code highlights Goa’s progressive legal
framework and commitment to social equity and justice.
By embedding heritage conservation at the core of urban planning, rural development and community life,
this vision emphasizes the need for inclusive, participatory approaches that balance tradition with
modernity. It envisions a future where Goa’s sacred groves, biodiversity-rich ecosystems, historic
landmarks and cultural expressions are safeguarded, promoted and celebrated as living legacies that foster
pride, knowledge and sustainable progress.
Goa aspires to become a model state for heritage preservation, where its natural and cultural treasures are
protected and leveraged to create social and economic opportunities, ensuring their relevance and vitality
for present and future generations. This vision reflects the shared commitment of the government,
communities and stakeholders to uphold Goa’s rich legacy while addressing contemporary challenges such
as urbanization, climate change and societal transitions with innovative and sustainable solutions.”
Mission Statement
To safeguard and define the varied forms of Goa’s natural and cultural heritage, encompassing tangible
elements such as monuments, structures and sites and intangible heritage such as performances, practices
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and rituals.
To categorize and prioritize heritage assets based on their nature, context and significance, ensuring
tailored conservation approaches.
To establish provisions for promoting heritage in its authentic form without compromising its values or
contravening existing laws.
To develop frameworks for sharing responsibilities and powers across administrative levels to effectively
preserve and protect the heritage’s significance.
To create comprehensive documents addressing the preservation of intangible heritage and eco-cultural
dimensions, reflecting the interconnectedness of ecology and culture.
To provide for conservation, preservation, restoration and management practices that adhere to existing
rules, standards and best practices while promoting the adaptive reuse of heritage structures for self-
sustainability.
To propose amendments to existing acts and rules for the better implementation of policies and smoother
coordination among stakeholders.
To encourage planning privileges that balance development needs with the preservation of heritage in
private properties.
To prepare detailed guidelines for the maintenance, beautification, landscaping, illumination and signages
of heritage structures, ensuring their integrity and accessibility.
To establish guidelines outlining permissible and restricted activities around heritage sites to prevent
misuse or degradation.
To build community capacity for heritage management through education, participation and awareness
programs, fostering a collective sense of stewardship.
To collaborate with national and international organizations and cultural networks to integrate global best
practices in conservation and management.
To ensure that heritage policies remain responsive to contemporary challenges such as climate change,
urbanization and societal transitions, fostering a dynamic and living heritage for future generations.
Objectives of the Goa State Heritage Policy, 2025
Comprehensive Heritage Conservation:
Protect and preserve Goa’s vast natural and cultural heritage across all historical periods—prehistoric,
Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Megalithic and Iron Age—up to the Portuguese and post-liberation eras. Employ a
holistic approach to conservation that integrates tangible and intangible heritage, ensuring that heritage
assets are resilient to future challenges such as climate change, urbanization and evolving societal needs.
Cultural Landscape Protection:
Safeguard Goa’s sacred groves, Khazan lands, coastal ecosystems and ancient agricultural systems, along
with the traditions of nature worship and indigenous practices integral to Goa’s cultural landscape.
Recognize the interconnectedness of natural and cultural heritage in creating a sustainable and vibrant
heritage ecosystem.
Protection of Architectural and Archaeological Heritage:
Conserve architectural and archaeological heritage reflecting the diverse iconographic styles of dynasties
that ruled Goa, including Imperial Mauryas, Satavahanas, Bhojas, Badami and Kalyani Chalukyas,
Shilaharas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Kadambas, Bahamanis, Vijayanagara, Adilshahi, Marathas and
Portuguese. Ensure the structural integrity, authenticity and adaptive reuse of monuments, temples,
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churches, forts and other historic structures while addressing future urban pressures and developmental
needs.
Promotion of Intangible Heritage:
Preserve and promote Goa’s rich intangible heritage, including its folk traditions, music, dance forms,
culinary heritage, festivals and crafts. Create robust mechanisms for intergenerational knowledge transfer
to ensure the survival of endangered practices and forms, adapting them to contemporary contexts without
compromising authenticity.
Community and Educational Engagement:
Foster a sense of ownership and pride among Goans by engaging local communities, schools, colleges and
cultural institutions in heritage conservation efforts. Introduce heritage education into curricula, promote
citizen-led initiatives and develop partnerships with cultural organizations to build a collective stewardship
model.
Integration with Development Planning:
Integrate heritage conservation into urban and rural planning frameworks, ensuring alignment with Goa’s
13 municipal councils, CCP, 70 census towns, 380 villages and 191 village panchayats. Develop
sustainable infrastructure development, zoning and adaptive reuse guidelines to balance heritage
preservation with modernization.
Sustainable Management of Natural Heritage:
Protect Goa’s natural heritage, including its forests, rivers, mangroves, wetlands and coastal ecosystems,
from over-exploitation, pollution and unplanned tourism. Promote eco-tourism models that ensure minimal
environmental impact while generating local economic benefits.
Adaptive Reuse and Heritage Innovation:
Develop adaptive reuse models for heritage structures that are no longer in active use, ensuring their
preservation and integration into modern economic and social frameworks. Encourage innovation in
heritage management through digital technologies, such as virtual reality for tourism, digital archives for
documentation and AI tools for monitoring and conservation.
Future-Ready Legal and Policy Frameworks:
Propose amendments and progressive legislative reforms in existing acts, rules and guidelines to address
emerging challenges, such as illegal encroachments, heritage theft and climate resilience. Establish a legal
framework for proactively identifying and protecting new heritage sites.
Heritage Promotion through Responsible Tourism:
Actively promote Goa’s heritage assets as a cornerstone of responsible tourism, ensuring these assets are
accessible to domestic and international visitors while protecting them from degradation. Develop
sustainable tourism strategies that emphasize cultural exchange and community participation.
Eco-Cultural Heritage Integration:
Establish provisions for preserving and promoting eco-cultural heritage, emphasizing the symbiotic
relationship between cultural traditions and the natural environment. Leverage this integration to
strengthen biodiversity conservation efforts while maintaining cultural vibrancy.
Maintenance and Beautification of Heritage Sites:
Develop and enforce detailed guidelines for the maintenance, restoration, landscaping, beautification and
illumination of heritage sites to enhance their appeal while preserving their authenticity and historical
significance.
Monitoring and Documentation of Heritage:
Build comprehensive databases and GIS-based systems for monitoring heritage assets, documenting their
current state and tracking changes over time. Implement regular audits and reporting mechanisms to ensure
accountability and transparency in heritage management.
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Guidelines for Permissible and Restricted Activities:
Prepare clear guidelines on permissible and restricted activities in and around heritage sites to prevent
damage, misuse, or exploitation. Establish a code of conduct for visitors, stakeholders and local
communities.
Equity and Inclusivity in Heritage Conservation:
Promote equitable and inclusive approaches to heritage conservation that recognize the contributions of
local Scheduled Castes, Tribals and OBCs. Support initiatives that empower marginalized groups to
participate in and benefit from heritage conservation and management efforts.
Anticipating Future Scenarios:
Prepare for future scenarios by embedding flexibility and adaptability in heritage policies. Address
anticipated challenges such as rising sea levels, increased urban migration and technological disruptions
through forward-thinking conservation strategies.
International Collaboration and Global Best Practices:
Strengthen collaborations with international organizations, such as UNESCO and ICOMOS, to incorporate
global best practices in heritage management. Promote Goa as a hub for cultural diplomacy and knowledge
exchange.
Cultural Diplomacy and Heritage Branding:
Position Goa’s heritage as a global brand by highlighting its unique identity as a cultural crucible of East
and West. Utilize heritage as a soft power tool for fostering international cultural diplomacy and tourism.
Capacity Building and Skill Development:
Develop capacity-building programs for government officials, conservation professionals and local
communities to enhance heritage conservation, restoration and management skills. Promote heritage as a
viable career path for young professionals.
Resilience against Climate and Urban Challenges:
Integrate climate resilience into heritage conservation efforts, addressing issues such as coastal erosion,
flooding and the impact of urban expansion. Develop climate-adaptive strategies for both natural and
cultural heritage assets.
Definitions for Goa State Heritage Policy, 2025
Natural Heritage:
The landscapes, ecosystems and biodiversity of Goa, including sacred groves, forests, rivers, wetlands,
Khazan lands, mangroves, coastal areas and the Western Ghats. These areas hold ecological, cultural and
religious significance, serving as critical reservoirs of biodiversity and traditional knowledge. Natural
heritage also includes geological formations and unique habitats that require preservation against
environmental degradation, climate change and unplanned development.
Cultural Heritage:
The diverse and historical contributions of human activity in Goa, spanning from the prehistoric period to
modern times. Cultural heritage includes village settlements, agricultural systems, temples, forts, palaces,
colonial architecture, marketplaces, traditional festivals and rituals that reflect Goa’s unique blend of
Eastern and Western influences. This heritage emphasizes the interconnectedness of tangible and intangible
elements.
Architectural Heritage:
Structures and monuments that embody Goa’s rich historical legacy, such as temples from the pre
Portuguese period, Indo-Portuguese churches, mosques, forts from the Adilshahi dynasty, Marathas and
pre-liberation colonial-era mansions. Architectural heritage also includes vernacular architecture,
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traditional village homes and public buildings that reflect the state’s aesthetic, historical and cultural
values.
Intangible Heritage:
Non-physical cultural elements, including traditions of nature worship, local festivals, oral histories,
folklore, music, dance forms like Dekhni and Fugdi, culinary practices and traditional craftsmanship ( see
checklist in Part F). Intangible heritage represents the living expressions of Goa’s people, passed down
through generations and forms a dynamic part of the state’s identity.
Sacred Groves:
Areas of forested land are preserved by local communities due to their religious or cultural importance.
These groves are often associated with deities or spiritual practices and serve as examples of community-
led conservation. Sacred groves are integral to Goa’s tradition of nature worship and biodiversity
conservation.
Khazan Lands:
Ancient, community-managed agro-aquacultural ecosystems unique to Goa. These lands involve intricate
systems of bunds, sluice gates and drainage channels designed to manage tidal waters for farming and
fishing. Khazan lands are a vital part of Goa’s natural and cultural heritage, showcasing centuries-old
sustainable resource management practices.
Heritage Site:
A location designated for its historical, cultural, architectural, ecological, or archaeological significance.
Heritage sites in Goa include forts, temples, churches, caves, markets, villages and natural landmarks that
tell the story of the state’s evolution.
Eco-Cultural Heritage:
The integrated heritage of natural ecosystems and cultural practices emphasizes the relationship between
communities and their environment. Examples include traditional fishing practices, nature-based rituals
and agro-ecological systems like kulagars, kamatam, moles, puranis , spice plantations and terraced
farming.
Gaunkari or Communidade System:
A traditional, community-based system of land and resource management in Goa. Gaunkaris are self-
governing bodies that historically managed agricultural lands, water resources and communal assets,
representing a unique aspect of Goa’s governance heritage.
Heritage Conservation:
The process of identifying, protecting, preserving and managing tangible and intangible heritage elements
to ensure their continued relevance and accessibility for future generations. Conservation efforts include
restoration, adaptive reuse, documentation and public engagement.
Adaptive Reuse:
Repurposing heritage structures for modern uses while retaining their historical and architectural
significance. Adaptive reuse ensures that heritage buildings remain functional and sustainable in
contemporary contexts.
Cultural Landscape:
Geographical areas that reflect the combined work of nature and human activity. Goa’s cultural landscapes
include terraced farms, Khazan lands, sacred groves and coastal fishing villages, which embody a
harmonious relationship between the environment and cultural practices.
Intangible Cultural Practices:
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Traditions, rituals and skills associated with local knowledge systems, such as pottery, weaving, wood
carving and culinary arts. These practices are often at risk of extinction without active documentation,
support and transmission to future generations.
Common Civil Code:
A unified legal framework governing personal laws that is unique to Goa in India. The common civil code
(1867) symbolizes the state’s commitment to social harmony, equity and justice and forms an essential
aspect of its legal heritage.
Heritage Management:
A strategic approach to planning, conserving and promoting heritage resources. Heritage management
includes legal frameworks, community participation, research, education and the integration of heritage
into development policies.
Heritage Crime:
Illegal activities that damage or exploit heritage assets, such as the theft of antiques, vandalism of
monuments, illicit excavation and smuggling of artifacts. Addressing heritage crime requires stringent legal
measures and public awareness.
Digital Heritage:
Heritage resources that are created, stored, or shared in digital formats, including virtual archives, 3D
reconstructions of monuments and digital storytelling platforms. Digital heritage plays a vital role in
documentation, education and global accessibility.
Responsible Tourism:
A tourism model that prioritizes the preservation and promotion of heritage while minimizing
environmental and cultural impacts. Responsible tourism involves engaging local communities, educating
visitors and ensuring that tourism contributes to sustainable development.
Heritage Tourism:
A form of tourism cantered on visiting and experiencing heritage sites and practices. Heritage tourism in
Goa includes exploring historic villages, forts, temples and festivals, offering immersive cultural
experiences while supporting conservation efforts.
Resilience Planning for Heritage:
Strategies to protect heritage from threats such as climate change, urbanization and natural disasters.
Resilience planning includes measures like disaster preparedness, structural reinforcements and adaptive
strategies to mitigate risks.
Sustainable Development:
Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own. In the context of heritage, sustainable development emphasizes balancing conservation with
economic, social and environmental goals.
Cultural Entrepreneurship:
Economic initiatives that leverage cultural and heritage assets to create jobs, generate income and promote
innovation. Cultural entrepreneurship supports local economies while ensuring the sustainable use of
heritage resources.
Heritage Economy:
The economic value generated from heritage assets through tourism, crafts, cultural industries and
conservation efforts. A thriving heritage economy supports sustainable development and provides
livelihoods for local communities.
Global Collaboration:
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Partnerships with international organizations, cultural institutions and heritage networks to adopt best
practices, share knowledge and promote Goa’s heritage on the global stage. Collaboration ensures that
local heritage management aligns with global standards.
Core areas of the policy: -
The monitoring committee identified the following core policy areas
1. Defining heritage and its varied forms.
2. Suggesting different categories for:
a) Monuments/structures/sites as per their nature/context/importance.
b) Intangible heritage as per their forms of performances/practices / rituals.
3. Making provisions for promotions of heritage in its authentic form without affecting its heritage values
and existing laws.
4. Preparation of provisions for sharing responsibilities and powers at different administrative levels so as
to preserve and protect significance of heritage.
5. Prepare a document of various provisions for preservation of intangible heritage.
6. Provisions for eco-cultural heritage.
7. Conservation, preservation, repairs, restoration, management, promotion of heritage remains to be
decided at different levels without affecting existing rules and standard practices.
8. To suggest changes / amendments required in the existing Acts, Rules for better implementation of
Policy and smooth co-ordination between various stakeholders.
9. Making provisions for considering providing privileges in planning and development against
preservation of heritage in private properties.
10. Preparation of a self-sustaining model for heritage structures (other than protected monuments) by
adaptive reuse of the structure without affecting its historic value.
11. Preparation of guidelines for maintenance of heritage structures / sites of cultural importance.
12. Preparation of guidelines for signages, information boards.
13. Preparation of guidelines for beautification, landscaping, illumination surrounding heritage structure.
14. Preparation of a document mentioning do's and dont's of permissible and restricted activities.
15. Any other topic that may be considered relevant with prior approval of the Government.
The details of policy recommendations for core areas 1 to 14 are given sequentially in this part and other
areas under 15 are considered in Part D
1. Definition of Heritage and Its Varied Forms for Goa
1. Heritage Definition Overview
Heritage is a dynamic concept encompassing the legacy of cultural, historical and natural assets passed
down through generations. It reflects a community’s identity, values and relationship with the environment,
bridging the past, present and future. Goa's rich and diverse heritage includes tangible, intangible and eco-
spiritual elements that collectively form the state’s unique identity.
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2. Categories of Heritage for Goa
A. Tangible Heritage
Tangible heritage consists of physical manifestations of cultural and historical significance. These are
visible and enduring assets that are critical for understanding Goa's past and its interactions with various
cultures and influences. Key examples include:
Built Heritage:
Churches and Convents of Old Goa: A UNESCO World Heritage Site reflecting Indo-Portuguese
architecture and the role of the Catholic Church.
Temples and Forts: Ancient temples like Tambdi Surla and forts like Fort Aguada, showcasing Goa's pre-
colonial and colonial history.
Heritage Homes: Manor-style homes in villages like Loutolim, Chandor, Saligao, Anjuna, Chinchinim and
Fontainhas in Panaji are known for their Indo-Portuguese architecture.
Khazan Lands: Engineered agricultural ecosystems representing a blend of human ingenuity and ecological
management, vital for Goan communities.
Archaeological Sites: Prehistoric caves, megalithic remnants and Neolithic artifacts discovered in places
like Panasaimal, portraying Goa's ancient history.
B. Intangible Heritage
Intangible heritage is non-physical but equally important for cultural continuity. It includes traditions,
practices and expressions passed down orally or through practice. Key examples for Goa are:
Folklore and Oral Traditions:
Traditional Goan folklore such as Mando (love songs) and Dekhni (fusion dance).
Local legends and storytelling traditions are often tied to specific communities or sacred sites.
Traditional Cuisines:
Hundreds of authentic Goan recipes and culinary treasures like Humon, Vindaloo, Bebinca and Sorpotel
showcase Goa’s fusion of Indian and Portuguese flavors.
Linguistic Traditions:
Konkani, Goa’s mother tongue and Marathi, both of which carry centuries of literary and cultural heritage.
Cultural Festivals:
Festivals like Shigmo, Carnival, Sao Joao, Goan Christmas and Ganesh Chaturthi, Tulasi Vivah, Nag
Panchmi , Sangod which reflect the state’s multi-religious harmony and celebratory ethos.
Traditional Ecological Practices:
Community-driven practices like the maintenance of fishing zones and the celebration of seasonal changes
are rooted in sustainability.
C. Eco-Spiritual Heritage
Goa's heritage also includes natural and ecological elements revered by communities, merging ecological
and spiritual values. These often serve as cultural symbols and contribute to environmental sustainability:
Sacred Groves (Devrai) and Mangroves:
Forest patches or ecosystems are protected for their spiritual significance and contribution to biodiversity.
Example: Mangroves along the Zuari and Mandovi rivers are worshipped with unique rituals like Mange
thapani (crocodile worship) and play a critical role in flood mitigation.
Riverine Ecosystems:
Rivers like Mandovi, Zuari and their tributaries are intertwined with cultural practices, traditional
occupations and folklore.
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Hilltop Shrines and Monsoon Festivals:
Sacred hilltop sites and rituals tied to agricultural cycles and the monsoon, such as Sangod, Sao Joao,
Chikal Kalo and the Novyachem fest.
3. Broader Conceptualization of Heritage
To make the definition more inclusive, it is crucial to incorporate modern and dynamic aspects:
Living Heritage: Recognize heritage that evolves with time while retaining its cultural core. For example,
contemporary adaptations of traditional music and dance.
Industrial and Maritime Heritage:
Recognize Goa’s role in the maritime spice trade and its industrial history, such as its historic shipbuilding
yards, metallurgy, carpentry and masonry. The Printing press was first introduced in Goa in A.D. 1556 and
the state has a glorious history in the printing and publishing industry.
Digital Heritage:
Encourage digital archiving of Goa's oral traditions, historical documents and visual records to safeguard
against loss.
4. Importance of an Inclusive Definition
Preservation of Identity: Goa's heritage is a repository of its unique identity, shaped by the fusion of
indigenous and colonial influences.
Community Involvement: Broadening the definition ensures that communities recognize and value their
contributions to heritage, promoting collective preservation efforts.
Global Recognition: A comprehensive definition aligns with global heritage conservation standards, aiding
in securing UNESCO or international recognition for other sites.
2. Different Categories for Heritage
To ensure a structured approach to the identification, preservation and promotion of Goa’s diverse heritage,
it is essential to categorize heritage assets systematically. This categorization can guide stakeholders in
prioritizing conservation efforts, policy formulation and community involvement. Below is an expanded
framework for categorizing Goa's heritage.
A. Tangible Heritage: Monuments, Structures and Sites
1. Categorization by Importance
UNESCO-listed Heritage Sites:
Example: The Churches and Convents of Old Goa, recognized for their architectural and historical
significance as a testament to the spread of Christianity in Asia.
Nationally Protected Sites:
Sites under the protection of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), such as Tamdi Surla temple and
Aguada Fort, known for its strategic and historical significance.
State-recognized Heritage:
Structures and monuments identified by the Goa State Department of Archaeology, including heritage
homes, local forts and ancient temples.
Community-protected Sites:
Sacred groves (Devrai), small shrines, or traditional fishing areas maintained by local communities.
2. Categorization by Context
Coastal Heritage:
Monuments, lighthouses and structures along Goa's coast reflect maritime history, such as the Chapora,
Cabo de Rama and Betul Fort and Aguada Lighthouse, besides heritage monuments in the Marmagoa Port
area.
Traditional coastal occupations like fishing and artifacts like fishing nets and boats.
Hinterland Heritage:
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Rural architectural marvels, village deities and agricultural practices are tied to heritage, including Khazan
lands, Kulagars and spice plantations.
Religious Syncretism Sites:
Structures that reflect the blending of cultures and religions, such as the Basilica of Bom Jesus and Shanta
Durga Temple.
Cemeteries and other colonial-era structures demonstrating a mix of Indo-Portuguese styles.
3. Categorization by Function
Residential Heritage:
Heritage homes with distinct Indo-Portuguese architecture, verandas and balcaos (balconies), such as those
in Fontainhas, Lotulim, Anjuna, Saligao, Aldona, Chinchinim and Chandor.
Military Heritage:
Forts like Reis Magos, Aguada and Cabo de Rama, which highlight Goa’s military history.
Religious Heritage:
Temples, churches, mosques, Jain bastis, Buddhist caves and other places of worship are architecturally
significant.
Industrial and Maritime Heritage:
Shipbuilding yards, gunpowder mills, printing presses, spice warehouses and mining relics narrate Goa’s
industrial history.
B. Intangible Heritage
Intangible heritage captures the living traditions and cultural expressions passed down through generations.
1. Rituals and Practices
Zagor (Goan Traditional Drama):
Performed in rural areas, it reflects traditional storytelling combined with music, dance and local
narratives.
Traditional Healing Practices:
Use of local herbs and spiritual rituals in Goan folk medicine.
Festivals and Celebrations:
Festivals like Shigmo, Dhalo, Chavath, Sao Joao represent Goa’s vibrant cultural identity.
2. Oral Traditions
Folklore and Proverbs:
Oral narratives passed down through generations, capturing the wisdom and ethos of Goan communities.
Lullabies and Folk Songs:
Songs such as Mando and Dulpod, which serve as a cultural repository of Goan identity.
3. Culinary Heritage
Traditional Goan dishes humon, dabdabit, uddamethi, khotkhotem and Indo Portuguese dishes like
Bebinca, Vindaloo and Prawn Balchao that are a result of the unique blend of Indian and Portuguese
culinary practices.
C. Introducing Criteria for "Living Heritage"
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Living heritage is dynamic and constantly evolving, sustained by communities that practice and pass it on.
This category emphasizes the importance of ongoing traditions and practices.
1. Criteria for Identifying Living Heritage
Continuity: Practices or traditions that have been passed down through generations.
Example: Local fishing practices, toddy tapping, or the making of traditional Goan bread and pottery.
Cultural Relevance: Practices that are actively celebrated and hold cultural or religious significance today.
Example: The Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations with eco-friendly Ganesh idols.
Community Involvement: Practices sustained by active community participation.
Example: Local folk dramas and traditional music performances.
Adaptability: The ability of heritage practices to adapt to modern challenges while retaining their core.
Example: Use of modern instruments in traditional Mando singing.
2. Supporting Living Heritage
Policy recommendations
Incentives for Practitioners:
Provide grants or subsidies to artisans, performers and knowledge holders of traditional practices.
Inclusion in Education:
Incorporate living heritage into school and college curricula to ensure continuity among younger
generations.
Tourism and Marketing:
Promote living heritage through cultural tourism initiatives, fairs and international collaborations.
3. Making Provisions for Promotions of Heritage
Promoting heritage requires a balance between preserving authenticity and enabling access for education,
tourism and community engagement. Goa’s unique cultural and natural heritage can be promoted
effectively through well-defined provisions rooted in national and international frameworks, ensuring
inclusivity, sustainability and adherence to global conventions.
A. Establish Guidelines for Promoting Heritage
The intent of the government in policy is detailed below for which specific schemes would be prepared.
1. Digital Media and Technology
Virtual Tours:
Leverage advanced technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to create immersive
experiences for global audiences.
Develop apps and websites offering 360-degree views of key heritage sites, such as the Basilica of Bom
Jesus and Tambdi Surla Temple.
Interactive Online Resources:
Digitize archives, historical documents and oral histories related to Goa’s heritage.
Provide downloadable itineraries and maps for self-guided heritage tours.
Social Media Campaigns:
Use platforms like Instagram, Facebook and YouTube to showcase Goan festivals, traditional crafts and
culinary heritage.
Encourage hashtags such as #GoaHeritage and #EcoCulturalGoa to create a cohesive online presence.
National Framework Alignment:
Align digital initiatives with India’s Digital India Programme to ensure broad reach and technical support.
2. Education and Awareness
Educational Content:
Collaborate with institutions to create curriculum-aligned resources highlighting Goan heritage.
Provide free access to digital heritage materials for schools, colleges and researchers.
Workshops and Seminars:
Conduct workshops for students and community members on topics like conservation techniques, local
history and traditional arts.
Heritage Festivals:
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Organize thematic festivals showcasing Goa’s tangible and intangible heritage, inviting local and
international audiences.
3. National and Global Charters
Align digital promotion efforts with:
UNESCO’s Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005).
The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention focused on accessibility and community participation.
India’s National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) emphasizes heritage
promotion through urban planning and technology.
B. Support Local Cultural Tourism Initiatives
1. Incentives for Traditional Artisans and Guides
Financial Support:
Provide grants and subsidies to artisans producing traditional crafts like pottery, weaving and brassware.
Ensure fair wages for local guides trained in heritage interpretation.
Training Programs:
Conduct skill enhancement programs for artisans to adapt to market demands while preserving traditional
techniques.
Train local youth as cultural ambassadors to promote their village heritage.
Recognition and Awards:
Institute state-level awards for artisans and guides who significantly contribute to promoting Goan
heritage.
2. Community-driven Tourism
Heritage Villages:
Identify and promote villages with rich heritage, such as Chandor and Loutolim, as model "heritage
villages."
Homestay Programs:
Support traditional households offering cultural homestays to visitors, providing authentic Goan
experiences.
Eco-cultural Tourism:
Promote activities such as birdwatching, spice plantation tours and visits to sacred groves, ensuring eco-
tourism principles are followed.
3. Integration with National and State Policies
Align tourism initiatives with:
India’s draft national Tourism Policy (2022) emphasizes sustainable and inclusive tourism.
Goa's Tourism Master Plan and Policy (2020), leveraging its framework for cultural tourism.
C. Preserve Authenticity through Community Collaboration
1. Working with Local Communities
Participatory Approach:
Engage communities in decision-making processes related to heritage promotion.
Establish local heritage committees to oversee tourism and conservation activities.
Capacity Building:
Offer training to local artisans, guides and community members in heritage management.
Educate communities on the economic and cultural value of heritage preservation.
Revenue Sharing Models:
Ensure that a portion of tourism revenue is reinvested into the community for development and
conservation projects.
2. Heritage-sensitive Tourism Practices
Visitor Management:
Limit tourist footfall in ecologically sensitive areas, such as Khazan lands and sacred groves.
Create guidelines for responsible tourism, including dos and don’ts for visitors.
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Sustainable Infrastructure:
Develop eco-friendly facilities like waste management systems, green toilets and solar-powered lighting at
heritage sites.
Monitoring and Evaluation:
Regularly assess the impact of tourism on heritage sites and local communities, ensuring compliance with
best practices.
3. National and International Guidelines
Promote authenticity and sustainability in line with:
ICOMOS Charter for Cultural Tourism (1999), focusing on community participation and safeguarding
cultural values.
UNWTO’s Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, ensuring heritage tourism benefits all stakeholders
4. Preparation of Provisions for Sharing Responsibilities
Effective management and preservation of heritage require a clear delineation of responsibilities among
various stakeholders. These provisions aim to establish a collaborative governance model that ensures
accountability, resource efficiency, and sustainable outcomes while empowering local communities and
leveraging institutional expertise. The intent of the Government of Goa in this policy is outlined below
A. Assign Custodianship Roles
1. Role of State Departments
Department of Archaeology and Museums:
Oversee the conservation and maintenance of state-protected monuments and archaeological sites.
Develop policies and guidelines in alignment with national standards, such as the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
Proposed Administrative Reforms
1. Structural and Organizational Reforms
Departmental Structure: The Departments of Archives and Archaeology would function as separate, legally
empowered entities, with distinct mandates formalized through legislative amendments.
Coordination Unit: A Heritage Policy Implementation Task Force (HPITF) would be established to
streamline policy execution across both departments.
Advisory Council: A Goa State Heritage Council would provide strategic oversight, policy review and
expert advice.
2. Human Resource Development
Recruitment and Career Development:
Vacant-sanctioned posts, including Director, Deputy Directors, Archivists, Superintending Archaeologists,
Scientific Officers and Technical Assistants, would be filled immediately.
Specialized recruitment in niche areas such as geo-heritage management, site restoration and archival
preservation would be conducted.
Skill Enhancement and Training:
Mandatory training programs in heritage conservation, archaeological documentation and digital archival
management would be conducted through national and international partnerships.
A performance-linked promotion policy would be formalized to retain skilled professionals
3. Policy and Governance Framework
Legal Empowerment:
Comprehensive amendments to the Goa Business Allocation Rules would ensure the departments’ statutory
authority.
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Legal mechanisms would ensure mandatory preservation, maintenance and exploration of heritage sites
and historical records.
Accountability and Transparency:
The Goa State Heritage Council would publish annual public reports on policy implementation progress,
budget expenditures and key conservation achievements.
4. Budgeting and Financial Management
Dedicated Budget Heads:
Independent budget heads would be maintained for Archives (Head 45) and Archaeology (Head 87).
Project-Based Funding:
Government funds for specific heritage restoration projects would be supported through public-private
partnerships and CSR initiatives.
Emergency Conservation Fund:
An emergency fund would be established for urgent restoration projects due to environmental degradation
or structural damage.
5. Heritage Asset Management
Heritage Site Management Units:
Task-specific site management teams for major heritage sites would be formed, including technical experts
and conservation specialists.
Maintenance and Restoration Plans:
Site-specific conservation and maintenance blueprints would be mandatory for all protected heritage
structures.
6. Digital Transformation and Data Management
Digitization of Records:
Historical records and archaeological data would be digitized and integrated into a centralized heritage
database.
GIS Mapping and Documentation:
All heritage sites would be GIS-mapped to ensure systematic monitoring, exploration and restoration
planning.
Public Access and Engagement:
An interactive heritage portal featuring virtual tours, archival documents and research resources would be
launched.
7. Monitoring, Auditing and Compliance
Internal Audits:
An independent audit wing would regularly assess compliance with heritage policy guidelines.
External Monitoring:
Periodic reviews and inspections by national heritage organizations such as ASI and ICOMOS would be
conducted.
Role of other departments
Tourism Department:
Promote heritage tourism with a focus on sustainable practices.
Ensure tourist activities align with conservation principles and do not harm heritage assets.
Forest Department:
Manage eco-cultural heritage like sacred groves.
Collaborate on integrating natural heritage into broader heritage management strategies.
Education Department:
Facilitate the inclusion of heritage education in school and college curricula.
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Partner with cultural organizations to promote awareness among students.
2. Role of Local Bodies
Village Panchayats and Municipal Councils:
Identify and document local heritage assets, including intangible cultural practices and traditions.
Allocate funds from local budgets for minor restoration projects and community-driven initiatives.
Regulate land-use changes around heritage zones to prevent damage or encroachment.
District-level Authorities:
Coordinate between state and local bodies to ensure compliance with heritage policies.
Act as intermediaries for community concerns and state-level decision-making.
3. Role of Citizen Groups
Heritage Committees:
Establish community-based committees (village panchayats and municipalities) to monitor and report the
status of local heritage sites.
Mobilize volunteer networks ( Eco, nature club members, NCC cadets, Scouts and guides, NSS volunteers,
PTA members, BMC members) for activities like cleaning drives, awareness programs and heritage
documentation.
Cultural Organizations:
Collaborate with experts to revive and sustain traditional crafts, music and rituals.
Advocate for heritage-friendly development and infrastructure planning.
B. Encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)
1. Funding and Resource Mobilization
Private Sector Investment:
Encourage CSR funding for heritage conservation and promotion under the Companies Act, 2013.
Provide tax incentives to companies investing in heritage restoration or awareness campaigns.
Institutional Support:
Partner with Goa University, affiliated colleges and research institutions for archaeological research,
heritage mapping and capacity building.
Heritage Sponsorships:
Allow corporations to sponsor specific sites or festivals in exchange for recognition, ensuring their
involvement adheres to conservation ethics.
2. Leveraging Expertise
Technology Integration:
Collaborate with technology firms to develop digital tools for heritage documentation, virtual tours and
GIS mapping.
Training and Capacity Building:
Involve private sector experts in training local artisans, guides and heritage managers.
Media and Marketing:
Partner with media companies to create documentaries, promotional videos and social media campaigns
that highlight Goa’s heritage.
3. Co-management Models
Adopt-a-Heritage:
Expand initiatives like Adopt a Heritage to enable private companies to co-manage heritage sites with the
state and local authorities.
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Revenue-sharing Agreements:
Ensure that revenues from heritage-related tourism are equitably distributed among all stakeholders,
including local communities.
C. Develop a Heritage Governance Framework
1. Policy Integration
Align GSHP-2025 with national frameworks such as:
Sustainable Tourism Criteria for India (STCI).
UNESCO Conventions on Cultural and Natural Heritage.
Incorporate international best practices to ensure Goa's heritage governance is globally relevant.
2. Accountability Mechanisms
Clear Role Definitions:
Define the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder, including timelines and performance metrics.
Monitoring Committees:
Establish two district-level monitoring committees (north and south Goa) to oversee implementation,
consisting of representatives from state departments, local bodies and citizen groups.
Annual Audits:
Conduct regular audits to evaluate heritage management practices' effectiveness and identify areas for
improvement.
3. Community Involvement
Participatory Governance:
Encourage community members (village panchayats and municipal areas) to contribute ideas, report issues
and participate in decision-making processes.
Heritage Forums:
Organize forums where citizens, NGOs and experts can discuss challenges and solutions related to heritage
conservation.
4. Conflict Resolution
Develop mechanisms to resolve stakeholder disputes, such as encroachment on heritage zones or
disagreements over funding allocation. This could include mediation panels or legal recourse.
5. Document for Preservation of Intangible Heritage
The preservation of intangible heritage is essential for maintaining the cultural identity and continuity of
Goa. Intangible heritage includes oral traditions, performing arts, rituals, festivals, knowledge systems and
traditional skills. This section proposes a structured approach to documenting and preserving Goa’s rich
and diverse intangible heritage.
A. Creation of a Registry of Intangible Heritage
1. Establishing the GOA STATE HERITAGE Registry
Purpose:
The registry will serve as a comprehensive database documenting Goa’s intangible heritage, ensuring its
preservation and promotion.
Stakeholder Involvement:
Engage historians, anthropologists, cultural experts, linguists and local communities to identify and
document intangible heritage.
Collaborate with institutions like the Goa University, cultural organizations and research bodies for
authentic data collection.
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Content of the Registry:
Document oral traditions, folklore and proverbs unique to various regions in Goa.
Record traditional music and dance forms like Mando, Dulpod, Fugdi and Zagor.
Archive knowledge of local crafts such as pottery, brass work and coconut coir weaving.
Include practices related to religious and ecological heritage, such as sacred groves, rituals and festivals.
Technology Integration:
Digitize the registry for easy access and future proofing.
Use GIS tools to map the geographical distribution of intangible heritage practices.
2. Legal and Policy Support
Recognition and Protection:
Include identified intangible heritage in state cultural policies for formal recognition and protection.
Align the registry with UNESCO’s 2003 Convention for Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Preservation Standards:
Ensure all documentation complies with ethical guidelines, including obtaining informed consent from
community members involved.
Establishment of "Heritage Clubs" in Schools
1. Objectives
Instill a sense of pride and responsibility among youth for preserving Goa’s heritage.
Educate students about the value of intangible heritage and its role in shaping identity and sustainability.
2. Structure and Activities
Formation:
Establish heritage clubs in all high schoolsand higher secondary schools, as well as colleges of general and
professional education across Goa, especially in rural and semi-urban areas.
Collaborate with the Directorate of Education and cultural organizations for training teachers to lead these
clubs.
Activities:
Conduct storytelling sessions to revive oral traditions and folklore.
Organize traditional art and craft workshops involving local artisans.
Arrange visits to festivals, fair and performance spaces for firsthand experiences.
Host competitions like essay writing, skits and debates focused on Goa’s intangible heritage.
Collaborative Learning:
Partner with community elders, cultural practitioners and local historians to share their knowledge with
students.
3. Institutional Support
Curriculum Integration:
Align heritage club activities with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, emphasizing experiential
learning and cultural awareness.
Funding and Resources:
Allocate funds for heritage clubs under the state education budget or through CSR initiatives.
C. Promotion of Festivals and Traditional Fairs
1. Importance of Festivals and Fairs
Festivals and fairs such as Bonderam, Chikal Kalo, Shigmo and Carnival are integral to Goa’s cultural
fabric, fostering community bonding and showcasing the state’s unique traditions.
Promoting these events ensures their continuity and boosts local economies through cultural tourism.
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2. Support Mechanisms
Financial Grants:
Provide grants to local bodies and communities to organize festivals and fairs sustainably.
Offer subsidies for performers, artisans and craftsmen involved in these events.
Publicity and Awareness:
Use digital media, posters and local radio to raise awareness about festivals.
Collaborate with travel and tourism agencies to market these events as part of heritage tourism packages.
Capacity Building:
Train community members in event management and cultural promotion.
Educate organizers on the importance of eco-friendly practices during festivals, such as minimizing waste
and using sustainable materials.
3. Integration with Tourism and Policy
Cultural Tourism:
Package festivals and fairs as tourism attractions, ensuring they remain authentic and community driven.
Promote lesser-known events such as the Feast of Three Kings or Sao Joao celebrations in specific villages.
Policy Alignment:
Integrate festival promotion with the Goa State Tourism Master Plan, ensuring it aligns with sustainable
tourism practices.
6. Provisions for Eco-Cultural Heritage
The eco-cultural heritage of Goa is a unique synthesis of natural ecosystems and cultural practices that
have evolved over centuries. This heritage is integral to Goa’s identity, linking the state’s biodiversity with
its intangible and tangible traditions. The following provisions are designed to ensure that Goa’s eco-
cultural heritage is recognized, preserved and promoted in a manner that aligns with sustainable
development principles and global best practices.
A. Recognition of Biodiversity Hotspots and Eco-Cultural Identity
1. Biodiversity Hotspots
Western Ghats:
Recognize the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a critical ecological asset and a
repository of Goa's natural and cultural heritage.
Highlight the connection between the biodiversity of the Western Ghats and traditional livelihoods, such as
fishing, agriculture and forest-based crafts.
Khazan Lands:
Acknowledge Khazan lands as a unique human-engineered ecosystem with deep cultural significance.
Preserve traditional practices like sluice gate management (manos) and fish farming, which have sustained
these lands for generations.
Mangroves and Coastal Ecosystems:
Protect mangroves along the Zuari and Mandovi rivers and other coastal regions as eco-cultural symbols of
resilience and sustenance.
2. Integration into State Policies
Align Goa's eco-cultural identity with national strategies, such as the National Biodiversity Action Plan
(NBAP) and international conventions like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Develop a State Eco-Cultural Heritage Atlas to map and document eco-cultural sites across Goa.
B. Creation of Eco-Tourism Trails
1. Principles of Eco-Tourism
Eco-tourism initiatives should adhere to low impact, sustainability and community participation principles.
Focus on integrating eco-cultural education into tourism activities to promote awareness and respect for
Goa’s natural and cultural heritage.
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2. Proposed Eco-Tourism Trails
Sacred Groves Trails:
Develop trails connecting sacred groves (devrai), highlighting their ecological and spiritual significance.
Include interpretative signage and guided tours led by local custodians.
Heritage River Trails:
Organize riverine eco-tourism along the Mandovi, Zuari, Chapora and Sal rivers, emphasizing biodiversity
and cultural traditions linked to water resources.
Hilltop Shrines and Biodiversity Trails:
Create trails that integrate natural landscapes with hilltop shrines, e.g., Siddanath, Chandranath, Pilar, Old
Goa, Namazgah Bicholim and temples, showcasing the connection between nature worship and
biodiversity conservation.
3. Community-Centric Approach
Train local communities as eco-tourism guides and entrepreneurs, ensuring they are primary beneficiaries
of tourism revenues.
Use eco-tourism to revive traditional crafts, such as brassworks, bamboo weaving and pottery, by
integrating them into visitor experiences.
4. Digital and Marketing Support
Develop mobile apps and websites that provide detailed maps, itineraries and educational resources for
eco-tourism trails.
Market eco-tourism trails under a state-level branding initiative, such as “Green Goa: Where Nature Meets
Culture.”
C. Legal Protections for Sacred Groves and Cultural Landscapes
1. Sacred Groves
Legislation:
Enact state-level laws to protect sacred groves from deforestation, encroachment and development projects.
Incorporate sacred groves into Goa’s Protected Area Network under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972,
while recognizing their cultural importance.
Community Stewardship:
Recognize and empower traditional custodians of sacred groves as key stakeholders in their preservation.
Provide incentives, such as grants and tax exemptions, to communities maintaining sacred groves.
2. Cultural Landscapes
Khazan Lands Protection:
Introduce stringent zoning regulations to prevent unplanned development on Khazan lands.
Promote community-led adaptive management practices that integrate modern science with traditional
knowledge.
Cultural Landscape Corridors:
Identify and protect corridors linking eco-cultural sites, ensuring the continuity of ecosystems and cultural
practices.
3. Monitoring and Enforcement
Create a dedicated Eco-Cultural Heritage Authority under the Department of Environment and Forests to
oversee legal compliance.
Use technology such as GIS mapping and drone surveillance to monitor eco-cultural heritage sites and
detect threats.
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D. Integration with Global and National Frameworks
1. Global Best Practices
Align eco-cultural heritage initiatives with international frameworks, including:
UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme for the sustainable management of biodiversity and
cultural landscapes.
The Ramsar Convention for the protection of wetlands, particularly Khazan lands and mangrove
ecosystems.
2. National Frameworks
Incorporate provisions for eco-cultural heritage into:
The National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), 2008 and updated NBSAP-2024-2030.
The Sustainable Tourism Criteria for India (STCI), ensuring eco-tourism respects natural and cultural
assets.
E. Awareness and Educational Campaigns
1. Public Engagement
Conduct campaigns to educate citizens about the significance of Goa’s eco-cultural heritage, focusing on
the youth through school and college programs.
Celebrate "Eco-Cultural Heritage Day" annually to foster community pride and participation in
conservation.
2. Heritage Clubs and Eco-Schools
Integrate eco-cultural heritage themes into the activities of heritage clubs in schools.
Encourage schools to participate in the global Eco-Schools program, emphasizing the conservation of local
biodiversity and cultural traditions.
7. Conservation, Preservation and Restoration Guidelines
Conservation, preservation and restoration are essential components of heritage management that ensure
the sustainability of tangible cultural assets while maintaining their historical integrity and cultural
significance. Goa’s unique blend of Indo-Portuguese, pre-colonial and traditional architectural styles
require a tailored approach rooted in global standards and localized best practices.
A. Development of a Heritage Conservation Manual
1. Purpose and Scope
The manual will serve as a comprehensive guide for the conservation, preservation and restoration of
heritage structures in Goa.
It will provide step-by-step methodologies, technical specifications and ethical principles for:
Structural repairs and stabilization.
Architectural restoration aligned with historical authenticity.
Maintenance of associated cultural landscapes.
2. Alignment with Global Charters
Incorporate principles from key global frameworks:
The Venice Charter (1964): Emphasizing authenticity and respect for original materials and techniques.
The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994): Recognizing the cultural context and evolving values in
restoration.
ICOMOS Principles:
Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China (2002) as a model for respecting cultural
continuity and local practices.
Guidelines on Education and Training in Conservation (1993): To build local expertise for heritage
management.
3. Key Components of the Manual
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Ethical Guidelines:
Ensure interventions prioritize minimal impact and respect for historical authenticity.
Promote reversible methods wherever possible to allow future improvements.
Technical Guidelines:
Detailed instructions for cleaning, repairing and reinforcing heritage materials (e.g., lime plaster, laterite
stones).
Best practices for integrating modern materials and techniques without compromising heritage values.
Community Participation:
Include sections on involving local communities in conservation efforts, ensuring alignment with their
cultural practices and priorities.
B. Incorporating Traditional Goan Architectural Techniques
1. Revival of Traditional Knowledge
Document and promote the use of traditional materials like laterite stone, terracotta tiles, wooden beams
and shell lime.
Encourage the use of tollem, hondem (rainwater harvesting systems) and traditional ventilation methods in
heritage restorations.
Revive the practice of kaavi art (murals made with red pigment) for cultural authenticity.
2. Capacity Building
Train local masons, carpenters, painters, sculptors and artisans in traditional construction and restoration
techniques.
Collaborate with academic institutions like the Goa College of Architecture, Kala Akademy, Goa College
of Art , Engineering colleges to develop specialized heritage conservation programs.
3. Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Structures
Promote the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings (e.g., transforming old Portuguese villas into boutique
hotels or museums) while retaining their architectural integrity.
Encourage restoration practices that make buildings functional and economically viable without
compromising their historical value.
C. Using GIS-Based Mapping for Monitoring
1. Role of GIS in Heritage Management
Develop a Geographic Information System (GIS) database for Goa’s heritage assets, integrating spatial
data with historical, architectural and conservation-related information.
Use GIS tools to:
Monitor structural integrity and environmental impacts on heritage sites.
Identify heritage risk zones prone to encroachment, flooding, or degradation.
Assist in planning restoration priorities based on geospatial data.
2. Key Features of the GIS System
Heritage Asset Layers:
Create layers for tangible assets (e.g., churches, forts and temples) and eco-cultural sites (e.g., Khazan
lands and sacred groves).
Real-Time Monitoring:
Install sensors and drones to capture real-time data on environmental and human activities affecting
heritage sites.
Public Accessibility:
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Develop a user-friendly interface to provide communities, researchers and policymakers access to heritage
data.
Integration with Urban Planning:
Use GIS data to guide heritage-sensitive development projects and zoning regulations.
D. Additional Provisions for Conservation and Restoration
1. Standards and Best Practices
National Building Code of India (NBC 2016), developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), is a
comprehensive framework for regulating building construction activities across the country. Ensure all
restoration work complies with the National Building Code of India (2016) and relevant environmental
regulations.
Encourage heritage-sensitive retrofitting to improve resilience against natural disasters, especially floods
and coastal erosion.
2. Partnerships and Funding
To access technical expertise and funding, Foster partnerships with international organizations, such as
UNESCO and ICOMOS.
Promote CSR-driven restoration projects under the Companies Act, 2013, offering tax incentives to
corporations.
3. Monitoring and Evaluation
Establish district-level committees for periodic evaluation of ongoing and completed restoration projects.
Publish annual reports detailing restoration efforts, challenges and successes to ensure transparency and
accountability.
E. Community Involvement in Conservation
1. Awareness and Education
Organize workshops and awareness drives to educate the public about the importance of preserving Goa’s
heritage.
Involve schools, colleges and local NGOs in heritage walks, site cleaning drives and documentation
activities.
2. Volunteer Programs
Create opportunities for citizen volunteers to participate in heritage maintenance, guided by trained
professionals.
Recognize community contributions through awards or public acknowledgment.
8. Amendments to Existing Acts
Legal Foundations of Heritage Conservation
The Goa State Heritage Policy draws upon global heritage legislation principles, recognizing the
importance of constitutional, statutory and administrative frameworks for cultural heritage protection. This
approach follows historical precedents where legal mechanisms have been central to conserving built and
natural heritage.
Historical Evolution of Heritage Legislation
The policy acknowledges that modern heritage legislation is rooted in historical practices dating back to
the edicts of Greek, Roman and later European rulers. The development of heritage law as a tool for
national identity preservation has influenced global heritage management, including India’s own colonial
and post-colonial legal frameworks.
Integrated Management Approach
Effective heritage conservation requires a coordinated approach involving various government bodies,
including environmental, cultural, tourism and urban planning agencies. The Goa State Heritage Policy
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will follow this integrated management model to ensure the holistic preservation of the state’s cultural and
natural assets.
International Commitments and Global Standards
The policy is aligned with international treaties such as the UNESCO World Heritage Convention,
emphasizing the protection, conservation and transmission of Goa’s cultural heritage to future generations.
This reflects a global commitment to safeguarding both tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
Addressing Modern Challenge
The Goa State Heritage Policy addresses contemporary challenges such as climate change, urbanization
and the impact of tourism. Drawing from global best practices, it seeks to implement adaptive legislative
frameworks, balancing property rights with the public interest in heritage conservation.
Local and tribal Heritage Integration
Inspired by examples from Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, the policy will document and integrate local
traditional heritage management practices into Goa’s official heritage management system, ensuring
community engagement and sustainable development.
Enforcement and Regulatory Framework
A dedicated heritage management body will be established with clear mandates for heritage site listing,
development control and regulatory enforcement. This structure will draw lessons from countries with
advanced heritage frameworks like France, the UK and Mexico.
Monitoring, Audits and Policy Updates
The policy will implement regular monitoring, compliance audits and periodic policy updates. This
approach reflects international best practices where adaptive management has strengthened heritage
conservation in response to changing environmental and socio-economic conditions.
Consistent with the above, based on a detailed review of the legislative documents mentioned in Part B,
the following amendments are proposed for Goa’s legislative framework on heritage management.
Legislative jurisdiction, priority timelines and justifications categorize these amendments. The intent of the
government through this policy is outlined below
8.1. Proposed Legislative Reforms and Amendments
Proposed Legislative Reforms
Archaeology
The Indian Treasure-Trove Act, 1878
Adapt the act with a Goa-specific rule that mandates reporting of treasure discoveries to a joint Goa
Archaeological and Heritage Board under ASI’s regional office.
To strengthen reporting mechanisms for discoveries from Goa’s colonial and pre-Portuguese periods.
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
Include Goa’s archaeological finds under the UNESCO 1970 Convention on Cultural Property, enabling
the return of stolen heritage items from foreign collections.
This is Aimed to Protect Goa’s antiquities from international trafficking.
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978 and Rules, 1980
Proposed Reforms: Expand protection to underwater archaeological sites such as shipwrecks along Goa’s
coast. Add a provision making heritage destruction a non-bailable offense, aligning with the Ancient
Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
This is Aimed to Safeguard Goa’s historical coastline and ancient marine heritage.
Framing of Heritage Byelaws and Other Functions of the Competent Authority Rules, 2011
Proposed Amendment: Incorporate ICOMOS's International Cultural Tourism Charter principles for
sustainable management of heritage sites.
This would ensure that development around historical sites does not compromise authenticity or integrity.
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Proposed Legislative Reforms
Archives
The Archival Policy Resolution, 1990
Proposed Amendment: Goa-specific archival mandates should align with UNESCO’s Memory of the World
Program by identifying, preserving and listing Goa’s cultural manuscripts, such as old vernacular or
Portuguese records, church archives and temple scripts or any old paleographically , archivally useful
document or inscriptions. This will place Goa’s unique archival collections on the global heritage map
while ensuring permanent preservation.
The Public Records Act, 1993
Proposed Amendment: Add a clause ensuring compliance with the International Council on Archives Code
of Ethics for managing Goa’s public records, including confidential government files related to heritage
sites.
It ensures responsible and ethical management of sensitive historical records.
The Goa Public Records Act, 2023 and Rules, 2024
Proposed Additions: Establish a mandatory State Archival Digitization Program supported by UNESCO’s
Digital Heritage framework. Create a public portal for free digital access to non-sensitive records older
than fifty years.
This makes Goa a transparent, heritage-forward state while boosting historical research and education.
Proposed Legislative Reforms:
Museums
The Indian Museum Act, 1910
Proposed Amendment: Enforce Goa-specific Museum policies modeled on UNESCO’s International
Council of Museums Code of Ethics, requiring inventory transparency and artifact provenance tracking.
To ensure ethical management and international compliance.
Indian Museum Rules, 1970
Proposed Addition: Introduce a Goa Museum Development Fund, backed by public-private partnerships
and UNESCO’s Museum Capacity-Building Grants. This aims to modernize Goa’s state museums with
better facilities and conservation labs.
Indian Museum Byelaws, 1977 and Amendments, 1981
Proposed Amendment: Mandate public educational outreach through local schools and universities as per
ICOM’s International Museum Day guidelines. Establish permanent museum advisory committees with
representatives from ASI, INTACH and Goan heritage NGOs.
Aimed to Increase community participation and international engagement in cultural preservation.
Proposed Amendments
1. Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978 (Act 1 of 1979)
Proposed Amendments:
Section 2 (Definitions):
Add definitions for “Eco-Cultural Landscapes” (sacred groves, khazan lands, riverine systems) and
“Intangible Heritage” (oral traditions, folklore, rituals and indigenous tribal craftsmanship).
Justification: Expanding the scope to include ecological and cultural dimensions aligns with UNESCO’s
World Heritage Guidelines and the Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Section 18 (Protected Areas):
Extend protections to include eco-cultural landscapes and sacred groves, ensuring conservation zoning.
Section 30 (Penalties):
Raise penalties from ₹5,000 to ₹10 lakh for unauthorized modifications, destruction, or encroachments.
Timeline: Monsoon 2025 Legislative Assembly Session.
2. Goa Treasure Trove Rules, 1975
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Proposed Amendments:
Mandate registration of archaeological discoveries linked to community land (e.g., ritual artifacts, sacred
plants).
Introduce heritage-specific reporting standards involving community bodies.
3. Goa Public Records Act, 2023 (Act 39 of 2023)
Proposed Amendments:
Amend Section 12 (Access to Public Records):
Include eco-cultural heritage records in public access criteria.
Amend Section 11 (Records from Private Sources):
Establish a State Digital Archive of Heritage integrated with public and private heritage sources.
Justification: Enhances transparency and research accessibility while ensuring long-term archival
preservation.
8.2. Recommendations for Central Government Amendments (By January 2027)
5. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 (Central Act)
Recommendations:
Expand Sections 3 and 4 to include eco-cultural landscapes and indigenous cultural practices of Goa.
Include environmental impact assessments for activities near protected sites.
6. Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 (Act 52 of 1972)
Recommendations:
Expand the definition of "Antiquities" (Section 2) to include eco-cultural artifacts (ritual plants, heritage
trees).
Include penalties for export or sale of eco-cultural artifacts without registration.
7. Indian Museum Act, 1910 (Act 10 of 1910)
Recommendations:
Establish a Regional Museum for Eco-Cultural Heritage in Goa, integrated with state and local museums.
8.3. GSHP proposes A model Goa Heritage Protection and Conservation and Management Acttaking into
account international obligations such as under UNESCO and laws in India cited above and this new
legislation should be able to take care of all heritage conservation issues under state government guidance,
control, direction, regulations and financial support and this legislation must be based on best practices in
other countries which take good care of their heritage
Key points to be included in the model act:
1. Preamble and Objectives
Purpose of the Act: the purpose of the Act, is to protect, conserve and manage the tangible and intangible
cultural heritage of Goa sustainably, aligned with international obligations, including those under
UNESCO conventions.
Recognition of Heritage Value: We acknowledge the historical, cultural, aesthetic, social and ecological
significance of Goa's heritage, including its architectural monuments, archaeological sites, natural heritage
and intangible cultural practices.
2. Definitions
Comprehensive Definitions: here we provide clear definitions of key terms such as "heritage,"
"conservation," "tangible heritage," "intangible heritage," "archaeological site," "heritage site," "buffer
zone," "heritage impact assessment," etc., ensuring they align with international standards and national
laws.
Categories of Heritage: We define different categories of heritage, including but not limited to monuments,
buildings, natural landscapes, cultural landscapes, sacred sites, traditional knowledge and practices.
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3. Establishment of a Goa Heritage Authority
Creation of the Authority: We propose a Goa Heritage Authority responsible for the overall implementation
of the Act. This body should be mandated to identify, protect, conserve and manage heritage sites across
the state.
Composition: The Authority should include experts in architecture, archaeology, history, cultural studies,
law, urban planning and environmental science, along with representatives from local communities, NGOs
and educational institutions.
Powers and Functions: We need to empower the Authority to enforce the Act, regulate activities in and
around heritage sites, approve conservation projects and disburse financial support for heritage
conservation.
4. Heritage Identification and Documentation
Inventory of Heritage Sites: This act would mandate the creation and maintenance of a comprehensive and
publicly accessible inventory of all heritage sites in Goa, including buildings, monuments, natural sites,
cultural practices and intangible heritage elements.
Regular Updates: The act would provide for regular updates to the inventory to include newly discovered
sites and re-evaluations of existing ones.
5. Legal Protection and Classification of Heritage Sites
Designation of Protected Heritage Sites: We propose to establish a process for officially designating
heritage sites as protected under the Act, with classifications that include national, state and local
significance.
Buffer Zones and Protected Areas: the act would define buffer zones around heritage sites to safeguard
them from encroachment, development pressures and environmental degradation.
6. Conservation and Management Plans
Mandatory Conservation Plans: the act would require the development and approval of conservation and
management plans for each designated heritage site. These plans should be site-specific and consider the
site's cultural significance, current state of preservation and sustainable use.
Integration with Urban Planning: the act would ensure that conservation plans are integrated into broader
urban and regional planning frameworks, aligning with sustainable development goals and minimizing
conflicts between development and conservation.
7. Heritage Impact Assessments (HIA)
Mandatory HIAs: The act would include mandatory Heritage Impact Assessments for all development
projects proposed near or within heritage sites. These assessments must evaluate potential impacts on the
heritage value and propose mitigation measures.
Public Participation: the act would ensure that the HIA process includes consultations with local
communities, stakeholders and heritage experts.
8. Community Involvement and Local Management
Community-Based Management: the act would encourage the establishment of local heritage committees
at the village and town levels to participate in the management and protection of heritage sites. These
committees should work in collaboration with the Goa Heritage Authority.
Training and Capacity Building: the act would provide training and resources to local communities to
empower them in managing and conserving their heritage. This includes traditional conservation
techniques and modern management practices.
9. Regulation of Activities Affecting Heritage
Control of Construction and Alteration: the act would establish strict controls over any construction,
renovation, or alteration activities in and around heritage sites. Unauthorized activities should be penalized
and the Goa Heritage Authority must approve any proposed changes.
Prohibition of Destruction and Neglect: the act would explicitly prohibit the destruction, defacement, or
neglect of heritage sites, with stringent penalties for violations.
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10. Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection
Recognition and Safeguarding: the act would mandate the identification, recognition and safeguarding of
Goa’s intangible cultural heritage, such as traditional music, dance, crafts, festivals and oral traditions, in
line with the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Documentation and Transmission: the act would promote the documentation and transmission of intangible
heritage through educational programs, public awareness campaigns and support for cultural practitioners.
11. Funding and Financial Incentives
Heritage Conservation Fund: the act would establish a dedicated Heritage Conservation Fund to finance
conservation projects, maintenance of heritage sites and community-based heritage initiatives.
Grants and Subsidies: the act would have provisions for grants, subsidies and tax incentives to individuals,
NGOs and communities engaged in heritage conservation activities.
Public-Private Partnerships: the act would encourage public-private partnerships for heritage conservation,
allowing private entities to contribute to the preservation of heritage sites while adhering to the guidelines
set by the Goa Heritage Authority.
12. Education, Awareness and Capacity Building
Heritage Education: the act would integrate heritage education into school and university curricula,
promoting awareness and appreciation of Goa’s cultural heritage among the youth.
Public Awareness Campaigns: The act would provide for the launch of public awareness campaigns to
educate citizens about the importance of heritage conservation and their rights and responsibilities under
the Act.
Capacity Building Programs: the act would provide for regular training programs for professionals
involved in heritage conservation, including architects, conservators, urban planners and local government
officials.
13. International Cooperation and Compliance
Alignment with UNESCO Guidelines: the act would ensure that all conservation and management
practices under the Act align with UNESCO’s charters, conventions and recommendations, including the
World Heritage Convention and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
International Collaboration: the act would foster international cooperation with other countries and
international organizations for technical assistance, exchange programs and joint conservation projects.
14. Monitoring, Enforcement and Penalties
Regular Monitoring: the act would establish a robust system for the regular monitoring of heritage sites to
assess their condition and the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
Enforcement Mechanisms: the act would create strong enforcement mechanisms, including the authority to
issue stop-work orders, fines and penalties for violations of the Act.
Judicial Oversight: the act would have provisions to ensure that violations of the Act are subject to judicial
oversight, with specialized heritage courts or fast-track procedures for handling heritage-related cases.
15. Review and Amendments
Periodic Review: the provisions would include a periodic review of the Act to ensure its relevance and
effectiveness in addressing new challenges and opportunities in heritage conservation.
Amendment Process: provisions would include a clear process for amending the Act, involving
consultations with stakeholders, experts and the public.
"Goa Heritage Protection, Conservation and Management Act" aims to provide a comprehensive legal
framework for the protection and sustainable management of Goa’s cultural and natural heritage. By
aligning with international obligations, particularly under UNESCO and incorporating best practices
worldwide, this legislation will preserve Goa’s rich and diverse heritage for future generations. The Act
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would emphasize community involvement, legal protection, sustainable management and international
cooperation, positioning Goa as a model for heritage conservation.
Following is the list of key United Nations (UN) instruments, including UNESCO conventions, charters
and recommendations that are relevant for developing the act for Goa. These instruments provide a global
framework and best practices for heritage conservation, which can be integrated into the proposed
legislation:
1. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)
Also known as the World Heritage Convention, this instrument establishes the duties of State Parties in
identifying, protecting and preserving cultural and natural heritage sites of outstanding universal value. It
also provides for the creation of the World Heritage List and the World Heritage Fund.
2. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003)
This convention focuses on the protection of intangible cultural heritage, including traditions, performing
arts, rituals and social practices. It emphasizes the importance of community involvement and the
transmission of knowledge to future generations.
3. Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001)
This convention provides a framework for protecting underwater cultural heritage, including shipwrecks,
submerged ruins and artifacts. It encourages the preservation of these sites in situ and regulates activities
that might damage or destroy underwater heritage.
4. Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property (1970)
This convention aims to combat the illicit trafficking of cultural property. It establishes measures for
preventing the illegal import, export and transfer of cultural goods and provides a framework for the
restitution of stolen or illegally exported cultural property.
5. Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (2011)
This recommendation promotes a holistic approach to urban heritage conservation that integrates the
protection of cultural heritage with urban development. It emphasizes the need for inclusive and
sustainable management of historic urban areas, considering social, cultural and economic factors.
6. Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (1964)
Though not a UN instrument, the Venice Charter is a key international document that sets out principles for
the conservation and restoration of historical buildings and sites. It emphasizes the importance of
authenticity, respect for the original materials and the significance of the cultural context.
7. Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)
Also not a UN instrument but highly influential, the Nara Document builds on the Venice Charter,
emphasizing the importance of cultural diversity in heritage conservation. It advocates for an
understanding of authenticity that respects different cultural contexts.
8. Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989)
This recommendation addresses the preservation of traditional culture and folklore, recognizing them as
vital components of cultural heritage. It calls for the documentation, preservation and transmission of these
cultural expressions.
9. Recommendation on the Protection of Movable Cultural Property (1978)
This recommendation provides guidelines for protecting movable cultural property, including artworks,
manuscripts and artifacts. It outlines measures for movable heritage preservation, inventory and
documentation.
10. Recommendation on the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976)
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This recommendation focuses on preserving historic areas, recognizing their cultural, social and economic
significance. It advocates for integrating historic areas into modern life while preserving their unique
character.
11. UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (1995)
Although developed by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), this
convention is significant for heritage protection. It addresses the return of stolen or illegally exported
cultural objects, promoting international cooperation in recovering cultural property.
12. Recommendation on the Protection of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private Works (1968)
This recommendation outlines the responsibilities of governments in protecting cultural property that is
threatened by public or private construction projects. It calls for heritage impact assessments and measures
to mitigate damage.
13. Recommendation Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private
Works (1968)
This recommendation complements the above instrument, focusing specifically on preventive measures to
protect cultural property from damage caused by development projects.
14. Recommendation Concerning the International Exchange of Cultural Property (1976)
This recommendation promotes the international exchange of cultural property for educational, scientific
and cultural purposes, while ensuring that such exchanges do not compromise the protection and
conservation of the cultural heritage.
15. UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001)
This declaration highlights the importance of cultural diversity and its protection as a common heritage of
humanity. It supports the integration of cultural diversity considerations into heritage conservation policies.
16. Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (2005)
Although a Council of Europe convention rather than a UN instrument, the Faro Convention is highly
relevant. It emphasizes the role of cultural heritage in society, advocating for public involvement in
heritage management and the promotion of human rights and democracy through heritage conservation.
17. Recommendation on the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and
their Role in Society (2015)
This recommendation focuses on the role of museums in heritage conservation, promoting best practices
for the protection, documentation and interpretation of museum collections.
18. Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character of Landscapes and Sites
(1962)
This recommendation addresses the protection of landscapes and sites of cultural and natural beauty,
advocating for the integration of landscape protection into broader environmental and land-use policies.
These UN instruments provide a robust international framework for heritage conservation, offering
guidelines and principles that can be integrated into the proposed "Goa Heritage Protection, Conservation
and Management Act." I strongly feel that by aligning with these international obligations, the legislation
can ensure that Goa’s heritage is protected in a manner consistent with global best practices, safeguarding
its cultural and natural assets for future generations.
8.5. Legislative Priorities and Timelines (2025-2032)
Timeline
Legislative Priorities
Proposed Action
July-Aug
2025
Goa Ancient Monuments Act Amendment
Table amendments expanding definitions
and penalties.
July-August
2025
Goa heritage protection and conservation and
management act
Establish a dedicated authority.
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January 2027 Central Acts Recommendations to Govt. of
India
Submit formal recommendations.
2027-2032
Regional Museum Creation
Initiate central-level projects.
9. Provisions for Privileges in Heritage Preservation
To incentivize heritage conservation while ensuring legal compliance within Goa’s jurisdiction, the
following provisions are proposed under a revised Goa Heritage Preservation and Incentives Act (New
Legislative Framework). These provisions offer financial relief, economic incentives and administrative
facilitation to heritage property owners, communities and organizations actively preserving Goa’s cultural
and ecological heritage.
A. Offer Property Tax Rebates for Heritage Property Owners
1. Legal Basis
Relevant Acts: The Goa Municipalities Act, 1968 & The Goa Panchayat Raj Act, 1994.
Proposed Amendment:
Introduction of a Heritage Property and house Tax Rebate Scheme:
Property and house tax rebates of up to 50% for owners of designated heritage properties undertaking
approved conservation projects.
Criteria for Eligibility:
The structure must be listed in the official Goa Heritage Register (to be updated annually by the Directorate
of Archives and Archaeology).
The conservation effort must comply with standards outlined in the Goa Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978.
A heritage inspector will grant the rebate post-verification.
Implementation Procedure:
Application Process:
Submit applications with restoration plans approved by the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology.
Verification and Sanctioning:
Joint inspections conducted by municipal and heritage officers.
Legislative Safeguard:
To ensure compliance with Article 243W of the Indian Constitution, municipalities should be empowered
to levy and reduce property and house taxes within heritage zones.
Provide Subsidies for Eco-Friendly Construction Materials
1. Legal Framework
Relevant Acts: Goa Building Construction Guidelines (Amendment 2025) and Goa Regional Plan as
revised (Proposed Insertion).
Proposed Subsidy Scheme:
Eco-Friendly Material Subsidy Fund:
Subsidies of 25%-50% for locally sourced, eco-friendly construction materials used in heritage property
restoration.
Eligible Materials:
An expert panel will prepare the detail list but mainly it could have Laterite stone, terracotta tiles, shell
lime, wooden beams and kaavi art-based decorative materials.
Subsidy Disbursement Process:
Application Procedure:
Heritage property owners must submit receipts and usage documentation to the Directorate of Archaeology.
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Verification:
Site inspections conducted within 90 days.
Legal Justification:
In Goa Ancient Monuments Act, which empowers the state to introduce financial incentives related to
heritage conservation.
C. Facilitate Loans for Adaptive Reuse Projects
1. Legal Basis
Relevant Acts: The Goa Investment Promotion Act, 2014 & State Financial Corporation Act, 1951 (Central
Act), EDC act, 1975.
Proposed Loan Framework:
Heritage Adaptive Reuse Development Fund (HARD-Fund):
Interest-Subsidized Loans: Loans with a ceiling of Rs five crores are offered at reduced interest rates
(2.5%-5%) for projects that adaptively reuse heritage properties, including heritage hotels, museums,
community centres and cultural hubs.
Eligibility Requirements:
Loan Criteria:
The applicant must be the legal owner of the property listed in the Goa State Heritage Register.
The proposed project must comply with Goa Regional Development Plans and receive Town and Country
Planning Department approval.
Approval and Disbursement Process:
Loan Application Process:
Submission of detailed adaptive reuse project proposals, including architectural designs and conservation
plans.
Technical Review Panel:
A multi-disciplinary review panel comprising experts from Heritage Authorities, State Financial
Institutions and Town and Country Planning Department to ensure financial feasibility and conservation
compliance.
Legal Safeguard:
Legislative Amendment Required:
An amendment to the Goa Investment Promotion Act of 2014 added a special provision for heritage-based
adaptive reuse investments, ensuring the loans are legally enforceable.
D. Additional Recommendations and Compliance Safeguards
Audit and Monitoring:
Annual heritage conservation audits conducted jointly by municipal authorities and heritage officers.
Legislative Safeguards:
Include specific sections for fraud prevention and misuse of funds under The Goa Fiscal Responsibility and
Budget Management Act, 2006.
Integrated Digital System:
Launch a state-backed Heritage Incentive Portal (HIP) where property owners can track applications,
upload required documents and monitor loan or subsidy disbursements.
E. Implementation Timeline and Priority Steps
Timeline
Action
Legislative Priority
July-August
2025
Introduce Tax Rebate Scheme
Municipal and Panchayat Acts
Amendment
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July-August
2025
Launch Eco-Friendly Subsidy Fund
State Budget Allocation Approval
January 2027
Establish Adaptive Reuse Loan Scheme (HARD-
Fund)
EDC Act Amendment
2027-2032
Comprehensive Heritage Financial Incentive Act Full Legislative Consolidation
Legal Justification Summary
Constitutional Backing:
Articles 243X & 243W of the Indian Constitution authorize states and local bodies to levy, adjust and
provide tax rebates.
10. Self-Sustaining Models for Heritage Structures
To ensure the long-term sustainability of heritage structures in Goa, a model focusing on adaptive reuse,
revenue generation and financial support through public-private partnerships and community participation
is essential. The following policy proposals align with national legislation, international best practices and
Goa’s unique socio-economic context.
A. Promote Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Structures
1. Legal Framework
Relevant Acts:
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978
Goa Investment Promotion Act, 2014
The Goa Municipalities Act, 1968
Proposed Policy Guidelines:
Permitted Uses for Adaptive Reuse:
Community Centers: Spaces for hosting exhibitions, art fairs and cultural programs.
Museums and Cultural Interpretation Centers: To preserve and display local heritage.
Boutique Hotels and Heritage Homestays: Commercial adaptation, ensuring compliance with heritage
conservation standards.
Conservation Compliance Requirements:
Projects must align with guidelines under The Venice Charter (1964) and ICOMOS Principles for Heritage
Conservation.
Adaptive reuse must retain at least 75% of the original structure’s architectural features.
Approval Mechanism:
Single-Window Clearance: Introduce a simplified process through a State Heritage Board consisting of
representatives from town planning, tourism and archaeology departments.
Adaptive Reuse Permit: Issued upon technical evaluation by the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology.
Incentives for Adaptive Reuse Projects:
Property and house Tax Rebates: Up to 50% tax relief for approved reuse projects.
Heritage Business Grants: Financial assistance through the proposed Goa Heritage Adaptive Reuse
Development Fund (HARD-Fund).
Eco-Compliance Bonus: Additional financial incentives ranging from Rs. One to 50 lakhs for eco-friendly
and energy-efficient upgrades.
B. Develop Income-Generating Activities
1. Heritage-Based Enterprises
Guided Tours and Cultural Experiences:
Create heritage tourism circuits (e.g., Old Goa, Chandor, Loutolim) with guided walking tours.
Implement digital storytelling apps offering multilingual heritage guides.
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Cultural Workshops and Art Fairs:
Organize heritage art residencies, craft workshops and cultural festivals showcasing local traditions like
pottery, kaavi art and brass work.
Souvenir Production Units:
Establish certified Heritage Craft Villages, training local artisans to create handicrafts, textiles and
souvenirs.
2. Revenue-Sharing Model
Tourist Fee System:
Introduce Heritage Entry Passes with minimal entry fees at popular sites, with revenue directed into the
proposed Heritage Preservation Fund.
License Agreements:
Award licenses to local vendors and entrepreneurs operating near heritage sites, with a share of profits
redirected to site maintenance.
3. Policy Safeguards
Environmental Guidelines:
Ensure activities comply with Goa State Environmental, climate change Policies plans and Sustainable
Tourism Criteria for India (STCI).
Monitoring and Transparency:
Heritage-related businesses must be registered, monitored and audited by the Department of Tourism and
the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology.
C. Establish a Heritage Fund Supported by CSR Contributions
1. Legal Framework for CSR Integration
Relevant Acts:
The Companies Act, 2013 (Section 135) mandates Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contributions
toward cultural and heritage conservation projects.
Goa Heritage Preservation and Incentives Act (Proposed)
Proposed Heritage Fund Model:
Fund Name: Goa Heritage Preservation Fund (GHPF)
Administrative Body: State Heritage Board (SHB) under the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology.
Funding Sources:
A special heritage cesswould be considered on entry to Goa's onshore and offshore casinos to generate
revenue for heritage conservation under the state’s heritage policy. This nominal cess (₹50–₹200 per entry
or 1-2% of gaming revenue) would be earmarked for archaeological research, site restoration and heritage
trail development. Managed through a dedicated Heritage Fund with transparent utilization reports, it
ensures accountability and public trust. Leveraging Goa’s tourism-driven economy, this initiative aligns
with practices in states like Kerala and Maharashtra and positions casinos as contributors to preserving
Goa’s cultural identity while providing a steady, scalable revenue stream with minimal resistance from
affluent patrons.
CSR Contributions:
Private corporations operating in Goa can allocate up to 2% of their net profits under CSR obligations for
heritage conservation.
Public Donations and Crowdfunding:
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Launch a public-facing Heritage Giving Portal for global contributions, ensuring transparency and tax
benefits.
Tourism Revenue Share:
15%-20% of tourism-related revenues collected from entry fees, licensing agreements and guided tour fees.
Disbursement Mechanism:
Project Grants:
Annual grants for restoration projects, eco-tourism initiatives and heritage promotion campaigns.
Restoration Subsidies:
Direct financial aid for listed heritage properties requiring urgent repairs.
Fund Governance:
A multi-stakeholder committee including state officials, corporate donors and heritage experts will oversee
fund allocation.
Annual Financial Audits: To ensure transparency and public accountability.
D. Implementation Roadmap and Legislative Timelines
Timeline
Proposed Action
Legislative/Policy Milestone
March 2025
Adaptive Reuse Policy Framework Drafted
Heritage Development Policy Draft
July-August 2025Heritage Fund Legislation Tabled in AssemblyState Budget Allocation Approved
January 2027
State Heritage Board Established
Heritage Incentive Act Passed
2027-2032
Heritage Economy Programs Implemented
Fully Operational Heritage Model
Legal and Policy Justification
Constitutional Backing:
Article 243W of the Indian Constitution empowers local bodies to levy, reduce, or exempt taxes related to
cultural development.
Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, legally enables CSR contributions toward cultural heritage
preservation.
Policy Compatibility:
The proposed provisions align with:
National Tourism Policy draft (2022) for heritage-based tourism.
UNESCO World Heritage Guidelines on sustainable heritage site management.
ICOMOS Cultural Tourism Charter for sustainable heritage tourism.
11. Guidelines for Maintenance of Heritage Structures
The long-term preservation of Goa’s heritage structures requires a systematic, community-driven and
government-supported maintenance strategy. These guidelines emphasize capacity building, regular audits
and the involvement of local communities in the upkeep of heritage properties, aligning with global
conservation standards and national legislative frameworks.
A. Training Local Masons in Traditional Goan Construction Techniques
1. Legal and Policy Framework:
Relevant Acts:
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978, Proposed Implementation
Plan:
Heritage Artisan Training Program (HATP):
Objective: Train local masons, artisans and carpenters in traditional Goan construction techniques, such as:
Laterite stone masonry
Shell lime plastering
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Terracotta tile roofing
Kaavi art murals
Training Framework:
Duration: 6-12 months
Certification: Jointly issued by the Goa College of Architecture, Goa Directorate of Archives and
Archaeology and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC).
Funding Sources:
CSR Sponsorships: Financial support from corporations under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.
State Budget Allocations: A dedicated budget line is included in the state fiscal policy for heritage skill
development.
Institutional Partnerships:
Goa College of Architecture, Goa College of art and Goa University for academic courses on heritage
conservation.
Local Craft Guilds: Collaborations with skilled artisans for practical training sessions.
B. Conducting Annual Heritage Property Audits
1. Legal Backing:
Relevant Acts:
Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978
The Public Records Act, 1993 (Amended)
Proposed Audit Mechanism:
Annual Heritage Audit Program (AHAP):
Objective: Conduct mandatory annual inspections of all listed heritage properties by a state-appointed
team.
Scope: Structural stability, environmental impact, encroachments and adherence to preservation standards.
Heritage Audit Teams (HATs):
Composition: Heritage architects, structural engineers, archaeologists and municipal representatives.
Responsibilities:
Prepare Annual Condition Reports (ACRs) detailing repair needs and conservation priorities.
Submit reports to the State Heritage Board and the Department of Archives and Archaeology.
Audit Grants:
State-funded grants cover up to 75% of the audit cost for heritage property owners lacking financial
capacity.
C. Encouraging Community-Driven Maintenance Initiatives with State Funding
1. Legal Framework:
Relevant Acts:
The Goa Panchayat Raj Act, 1994
The Goa Municipalities Act, 1968
Community Participation Model:
Community Heritage Stewardship Program (CHSP):
Objective: Enable community participation in regular maintenance and cleaning of heritage structures.
Roles and Responsibilities:
Local Heritage Councils (LHCs):
Formed at the village or ward level, comprising community elders, historians and local volunteers.
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Maintenance Responsibilities:
Organize cleaning drives, minor repair projects and heritage site beautification.
State Support:
Annual Maintenance Grants:
Grants of ₹1-25 lakh per project, depending on the property’s heritage value.
Tools and Material Supply:
State provision of tools, cleaning equipment and eco-friendly construction materials.
Recognition and Rewards:
Heritage Awards and Incentives:
Introduce annual Heritage Maintenance Awards recognizing exceptional community-driven conservation
efforts.
D. Implementation Roadmap and Priority Timelines
Timeline
Action
Proposed Milestone
March 2025
Launch of Heritage Artisan Training
Program
First batch of skilled masons certified
July-August
2025
State Heritage Audit Framework Introduced Annual Audits Begin for Key Sites
January 2027
Community Heritage Stewardship Program
(CHSP)
Community-driven maintenance model
operational
2027-2032
Heritage Conservation Audits Expanded
All heritage properties covered
Legal and Policy Justifications
Constitutional Backing:
Article 243W of the Indian Constitution empowers local bodies to implement such initiatives through
municipal and panchayat acts.
Global Conservation Frameworks:
The Venice Charter (1964) emphasizes traditional knowledge and community involvement in heritage
preservation.
UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines (2019) for conserving World Heritage Sites emphasize the periodic
evaluation of heritage structures.
National Legislative Compatibility:
Recommendations align with National Skill Development Policy and HRIDAY (National Heritage City
Development Plan).
12. Guidelines for Signages and Information Boards
Signages and information boards at heritage sites are crucial for promoting inclusivity, education and
preservation. These guidelines incorporate international standards from UNESCO, ICOMOS and the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), ensuring accessibility, diversity and sustainability. They address
previous shortcomings in Goa’s heritage signage while offering forward-looking solutions adaptable to the
evolving cultural, social and environmental context.
Policy Objectives
Enhance historical and cultural representation at heritage sites.
Ensure inclusivity and accessibility for diverse groups, including Persons with Disabilities (PwDs),
LGBTQIA+ individuals, senior citizens and marginalized communities.
Promote eco-friendly, technologically advanced signage systems.
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General Principles
A. Inclusivity and Accessibility
Persons with Disabilities (PwDs)
Use tactile signages, Braille inscriptions and embossed maps.
Provide QR codes linked to audio guides and sign-language videos.
Ensure physical accessibility with ramped pathways.
Senior Citizens and Mobility-Challenged Visitors
Include shaded resting points near signages.
Use large fonts (minimum 18pt) for readability.
Multilingual Communication
Use Konkani, Marathi, Hindi, English and Portuguese.
Apply dyslexia-friendly fonts like Arial or Verdana.
Diverse Representation
Highlight contributions from underrepresented groups, such as LGBTQIA+ communities, indigenous tribes
and historically marginalized groups.
B. Design and Content Guidelines
Standardized Formats
Directional Signages: 100 cm x 25 cm
Information Boards: 120 cm x 80 cm
Content Specifications
Heritage Houses and Villages: Focus on age, ownership and historical significance.
Monuments and Archaeological Sites: Provide timelines, cultural significance and architectural features.
Natural Heritage Sites: Promote eco-sensitivity and biodiversity conservation.
Emergency Details: Display contact numbers for site management, emergency services and helplines.
Interactive and Smart Features
Install QR codes and NFC (Near Field Communication) links for access to audio guides, videos and
AR/VR reconstructions.
Visual Presentation
Use high-contrast colours with a matte finish for glare reduction.
Ensure icon-based communication for multilingual and non-verbal access.
C. Placement and Installation
Accessibility Standards
Install signages at ergonomic heights: 90–120 cm for wheelchair users, 140–160 cm for standing users.
Ensure step-free access to signages and pathways.
Visibility and Safety
Position signages without obstructing heritage structures or landscapes.
Use eco-friendly, weather-resistant materials suitable for Goa’s climate.
Lighting and Power
Install solar-powered lights with motion activation for nighttime visibility.
Ensure minimal light pollution.
Rest Areas and Hydration Stations
Provide shaded seating and drinking water near major signages.
D. Implementation Plan
Short-Term (1–2 Years)
Conduct accessibility audits for existing signages.
Pilot inclusive signage designs at iconic sites like Old Goa and Chapora Fort.
Introduce AR/VR features for experimental use.
Mid-Term (3–5 Years)
Expand implementation across all notified heritage sites.
Collaborate with LGBTQIA+ and disability advocacy organizations for content creation.
Long-Term (6–10 Years)
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Regularly update signages with new archaeological findings.
Integrate emerging technologies such as AI-powered guides and interactive exhibits.
E. Heritage Site Classification and Grades
Grade I: Structures over 250 years old with exceptional cultural significance.
Grade II: Ground-floor structures over 200 years old with historic architectural features.
Grade III: Structures over 100 years old but less than 200 years old.
Grade IV: Structures over 60 years old but under 100 years old (post-1961).
F. Governance and Monitoring
Heritage Signage Committee
Establish a committee comprising historians, architects and representatives from the Goa Heritage
Preservation Authority (GHPA).
Project Monitoring and Inspections
Conduct annual audits and public consultations to update and maintain signages.
Engage local schools and community volunteers for mapping and maintaining village-level heritage
signages.
Compliance and Accountability
Introduce penalties for unauthorized alterations or non-compliance with maintenance standards.
References
UNESCO. (2013). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
ICOMOS. (2008). Charter on the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites.
Archaeological Survey of India. National Policy for the Conservation of Ancient Monuments,
Archaeological Sites and Remains (NPC-AMASR). Government of India. (2016). The Rights of Persons
with Disabilities Act, 2016. UNESCO. (2019). Promoting Equality, Diversity & Inclusion through
Campaigns.
13. Guidelines for Beautification, Landscaping and Illumination
The beautification, landscaping and illumination of heritage sites should balance environmental
sustainability with historical authenticity. This section provides detailed policy guidelines for creating
aesthetically pleasing, ecologically sound and culturally respectful heritage environments in Goa.
A. Landscaping Plans Incorporating Native Flora
1. Native Flora Integration
Policy Objective:
Restore the natural environment around heritage sites by planting indigenous species compatible with
Goa’s ecosystem.
2. Native Plant Selection Guidelines:
Coastal Sites:
Use salt-tolerant plants like mangroves, coconut palms and pandanus shrubs near beaches and forts.
Inland and Temple Sites:
Use native species like jackfruit, banyan, mango, tamarind and areca nut palms for sacred groves and
temple surroundings.
Riverbank and Wetland Areas:
Incorporate water-tolerant grasses, ferns and medicinal plants around Khazan lands and riverbanks.
3. Policy Framework for Landscape Development:
Mandatory Green Buffer Zones:
Create green buffers around heritage sites to reduce environmental degradation and protect against
encroachments.
Eco-Cultural Landscapes Restoration Program:
Implement community-led restoration projects to revive traditional gardens such as temple orchards
(devarai) and Portuguese manor gardens.
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4. Sustainable Landscape Maintenance:
Organic Fertilizers and Biopesticides:
Ban chemical pesticides and fertilizers; promote organic composting.
Drip Irrigation Systems:
Install water-efficient irrigation to minimize water wastage.
B. Use of Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems
1. Lighting System Guidelines:
Architectural Illumination:
Use soft LED lighting to highlight key architectural elements such as domes, arches and facades without
causing light pollution.
Pathway and Safety Lighting:
Install low-intensity, solar-powered lights along pathways, entry gates and parking areas.
Accent Lighting:
Use focused spotlights to illuminate sculptures, decorative carvings, or important signage.
2. Technological Standards:
Smart Lighting Control Systems:
Integrate timer-based and motion-activated lighting systems to conserve energy.
Anti-Glare and Low-Heat Lamps:
Use anti-glare fixtures and low-heat LEDs to prevent material degradation caused by excessive heat.
3. Legal and Policy Alignment:
Compliance with National Standards:
Ensure that all electrical systems comply with the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (BEE) Star Ratings.
C. Avoiding Excessive Landscaping
1. Preservation of Original Character:
Minimalist Design Approach:
Maintain the historic visual integrity of the site by avoiding modern landscaping styles like artificial lawns,
fountains, or exotic plants.
Conservation Zoning Regulations:
Enforce strict zoning laws preventing structural additions such as concrete paths, modern gazebos, or
commercial kiosks.
2. Site-Specific Guidelines:
Historical Forts and Citadels:
Keep the rugged terrain and natural stone formations intact while controlling erosion through indigenous
plant cover.
Religious Sites and Temples:
Retain traditional sacred groves (devrai) or prayer gardens while discouraging artificial landscaping.
Colonial Structures and Heritage Homes:
Maintain original garden layouts typical of Indo-Portuguese manors, avoiding synthetic or ultra-modern
designs.
D. Implementation and Oversight
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1. Approval Process:
Landscape Development Proposals:
The State Heritage Board must approve all beautification and landscaping projects in consultation with the
Directorate of Archives and Archaeology, Department of Forests and Department of Town and Country
Planning with experts from Goa College of Architecture and Goa College of Agriculture.
2. Monitoring and Maintenance:
Annual Landscape Audits:
Conduct yearly environmental audits of heritage sites focusing on plant survival rates, irrigation efficiency
and lighting conditions.
Adaptive Maintenance Contracts:
Hire licensed horticulture firms for major maintenance tasks, with the condition of preserving the site’s
historical aesthetics.
3. Community Involvement:
Heritage Gardening Workshops:
Train local volunteers and students in eco-friendly landscaping techniques.
Encourage CSR-based sponsorships from companies and community-based groups willing to maintain
specific heritage sites.
E. Implementation Roadmap and Policy Timeline
Timeline
Proposed Action
Legislative/Policy Milestone
July 2025
Heritage Landscaping and Illumination Policy
Draft Finalized
State Budget Approval
July-August
2025
Pilot Landscaping and Illumination at Key Sites
Old Goa, Fort Aguada, Reis Magos
January 2027 Full-Scale Implementation Across Goa
Integration with Heritage Management
Projects
2027-2032
Maintenance Upgrades & Re-Landscaping
Regular Updates Based on Site Audits
Legal and Policy Justifications
State and Central Acts Compatibility:
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978 provides the legal
foundation for site-specific conservation and beautification.
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 ensures compliance with ecological standards for lighting and
landscaping.
Global Best Practices:
UNESCO Operational Guidelines for World Heritage Sites (2021): Emphasizes the need for non-intrusive
landscaping and eco-sensitive site management.
ICOMOS Landscape Charter (2005): Recommends sustainable heritage site landscaping and eco-friendly
preservation practices.
National Standards Compliance:
Energy Conservation Act, 2001: Mandates energy-efficient lighting and low-energy electrical installations.
National Green Tribunal Guidelines: Apply to waste management during landscaping activities.
14. Document for Permissible and Restricted Activities
The preservation and management of heritage sites require clearly defined permissible and restricted
activities. These guidelines ensure the protection of Goa’s cultural, historical and natural heritage by
preventing degradation, enabling responsible usage and maintaining site authenticity.
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A. Prohibited Activities
1. Vandalism and Unauthorized Modifications
Graffiti and Defacement:
Strictly prohibited under Section 30 of the Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
Act, 1978
Penalty: Fine of ₹1 lakh and/or imprisonment up to 3 years for graffiti or damage to heritage structures.
2. Unauthorized Construction and Encroachment
Prohibited Activities:
Any new construction, structural alteration, or unauthorized repair within the designated buffer zone of
heritage sites.
Legal Framework: Goa Regional Plan as modified from time to time (Land Use Zoning Guidelines).
Provision for Mandatory Archaeological Inspection and Management of Excavations
This policy provides for Inspection, Retrieval and Management of Materials from Excavations in
Archaeologically Sensitive Areas
Mandatory Inspection:
Any excavation activity, whether public or private, within areas designated as having historic, cultural, or
archaeological significance shall be subject to mandatory inspection by the Department of Archaeology.
Such areas shall include, but are not limited to, sites listed under the state heritage register, protected
monuments and regions identified by the Archaeology Department as possessing potential archaeological
importance.
Notification Requirement:
Before initiating any excavation in these areas, the party undertaking the excavation must notify the
Department of Archaeology in writing at least 30 working days in advance.
Role of Archaeological Officer:
An Archaeological Officer, appointed by the Department, shall be responsible for inspecting the site
before, during and after excavation to assess potential impacts on heritage resources.
The officer shall ensure the retrieval, inventorization and secure storage of any archaeological artifacts or
materials discovered during excavation.
A detailed inspection and recovery report shall be submitted to the Department within 7 days of the
inspection.
Custody and Ownership of Materials:
All materials of archaeological significance unearthed during excavation shall be deemed the property of
the State Government and the Department of Archaeology shall take full custody without any obligation
for payment or compensation to the excavator.
Suspension of Excavation Activities:
If, during the inspection, the officer identifies any threat to archaeological or heritage resources, they may
issue an immediate suspension of excavation activities until appropriate measures are implemented to
safeguard the findings.
Inventory and Preservation:
The Department of Archaeology shall maintain a detailed inventory of all retrieved materials, including
their description, location of discovery and potential historical significance.
Where applicable, retrieved items shall be preserved and displayed in state museums or heritage sites for
public benefit.
Penalty for Non-Compliance:
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Failure to notify, allow inspection, or comply with retrieval directives shall result in a fine of up to
₹10,00,000, along with legal action under applicable heritage protection laws.
Awareness and Training:
Regular training and awareness programs shall be conducted for Archaeological Officers, contractors and
the public to ensure the proper management of excavations and retrieval of artifacts.
3. Commercial Exploitation
Restricted Activities:
Commercial Filming or Photography: Requires prior approval from the Directorate of Archives and
Archaeology, irrespective of the role of the Entertainment Society of Goa or any other authority.
Event Hosting: Private events such as weddings, parties and commercial exhibitions are prohibited unless
explicitly approved through a heritage management contract.
4. Environmental Violations
Prohibited Actions:
Dumping of waste, littering and pollution in heritage zones, especially near khazan lands, mangroves and
temple ponds.
Legal Reference: Environment Protection Act, 1986 (Provisions on Water and Land Conservation).
B. Permissible Activities (Under Strict Supervision)
1. Cultural and Traditional Activities
Allowed Activities:
Traditional Fairs: Bonderam, Shigmo, Sao Joao and religious processions within designated heritage zones.
Cultural Performances: Traditional folk dances (Fugdi, Mando) and drama performances (Zagor, Tiatr)
organized with heritage board oversight.
2. Educational and Academic Activities
Permitted Activities:
Educational Tours and School Excursions: Conducted by registered educational institutions with prior
approval.
Research and Archaeological Excavations: Allowed for accredited universities and research institutions
under a licensing agreement with the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology.
3. Eco-Tourism and Nature-Based Activities
Nature Walks and Birdwatching: Allowed in eco-sensitive heritage zones, such as khazan lands, sacred
groves and mangrove reserves, with licensed eco-tourism operators.
Guided Tours: Conducted by government-certified heritage guides, subject to site-specific visitor capacity
limits.
C. Detailed Code of Conduct for Visitors and Stakeholders
1. Code of Conduct for Visitors
Behavioral Guidelines:
Maintain decorum, avoid making loud noises and refrain from touching heritage artifacts.
Photo/videography: Allowed only in designated zones; drone use requires special permission.
Cultural Respect: Follow dress codes for religious heritage sites and remove footwear when required.
2. Code of Conduct for Event Organizers and Cultural Groups
Event Management Rules:
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Submit a detailed event proposal for approval, including expected attendance, logistics and waste
management plans.
Compliance Certificate: Obtain a compliance certificate from the Heritage Oversight Committee after the
event.
3. Code of Conduct for Researchers and Archaeologists
Research Licensing Guidelines:
Submit a research proposal to the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology and sign a Non-Disclosure
Agreement (NDA).
Ethical Compliance: Commit to ethical research practices, ensuring minimal impact on the heritage site.
4. Code of Conduct for Local Communities and Vendors
Community Participation Rules:
Vendors must obtain licenses from the local heritage council.
Traditional artisans may operate only in designated craft zones, ensuring cultural preservation while
promoting livelihood.
D. Monitoring and Enforcement Mechanism
1. Heritage Monitoring Authority (HMA)
Establish a State Heritage Monitoring Authority under the Directorate of Archives and Archaeology to
enforce these rules.
2. Licensing and Approvals Portal
Launch a Heritage Licensing Portal for event permits, research licenses and commercial activity approvals.
3. Penalty and Appeal System
Establish a Heritage Tribunal to address violations and appeals.
Penalties:
First Violation: Fine of ₹1-10 lakh.
Repeat Violations: Permanent ban from site operations and additional legal action.
E. Policy Implementation Roadmap
Timeline
Proposed Action
Legislative/Policy Milestone
March 2025
Heritage Site Activity Guidelines Published
State Heritage Board Approval
July-August 2025Code of Conduct for Visitors and ResearchersIntegration with Goa Tourism Policy
January 2027
Full Implementation and Enforcement
Licensing Portal Launched
2027-2032
Activity Monitoring & Policy Updates
Biannual Policy Review
Legal and Policy Justifications
State-Level Legal Backing:
The Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978 (Provisions on Site
Preservation).
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 (Provisions on Environmental Conservation).
National Guidelines Compliance:
The Public Records Act, 2023 (Protection of Public Historical Records).
Bhartiya Nya Sahita 2023, (Section 324 - Mischief and Vandalism).
Global Heritage Standards:
UNESCO Operational Guidelines (2019): Mandates that public activities must align with cultural
conservation principles.
ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites (2008): Recommends
clearly defined permissible and restricted activities at heritage sites.
PART D
Other Topics considered relevant are included in this part
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I. GOA ARCHIVES
The Goa Archives, as the oldest in Asia, houses an invaluable collection of documents, manuscripts, maps
and other historical records dating back to the 15th century. This priceless collection requires modern
conservation techniques, infrastructure improvements and comprehensive management strategies. I
propose the following plan for the conservation and protection of the Goa Archives collection:
BUILDING
Considering the state’s exceptional humid conditions and monsoon climate, designing a new modern
building to house the Goa Archives requires careful planning and adherence to global best practices in
archival building design. Below are key suggestions to ensure the building is not only state-of-the-art but
also resilient to Goa’s unique environmental challenges:
1. Site Selection and Building Orientation
Elevated Location: Choose a site that is elevated and well-drained to mitigate the risk of flooding,
particularly during the monsoon season. Avoid low-lying areas or locations near bodies of water that are
prone to flooding.
Building Orientation: Orient the building to minimize direct sunlight exposure on the walls that house
archival storage areas. North-facing facades are preferred for storage spaces to reduce solar heat gain,
while maximizing natural light in public areas.
2. Structural Design and Materials
Monsoon-Resilient Construction: Use construction materials and techniques that can withstand heavy
rainfall and high humidity. Reinforced concrete with waterproofing treatments is ideal for the building’s
structure. Ensure that all materials used are resistant to Mold, mildew and corrosion.
Sloped Roofing: Incorporate sloped roofs with wide overhangs to effectively shed rainwater away from the
building’s walls and foundation. This will prevent water ingress and protect the structure from the effects
of heavy rainfall.
Raised Flooring: Consider raising the building’s floor level above the surrounding ground to provide an
additional layer of protection against flooding. This design feature will prevent water from entering storage
areas during extreme weather events.
3. Environmental and Climate Control
Advanced HVAC Systems: Install a state-of-the-art HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
system designed to maintain stable temperature and humidity levels within the building. Aim for 18-22°C
temperature and 45-55% relative humidity in archival storage areas.
Humidity Control: Use dehumidification systems that can operate effectively in Goa’s high-humidity
environment. These systems should be integrated with the HVAC system to ensure consistent humidity
control throughout the year, especially during the monsoon season.
Zoning: Divide the building into different climate-controlled zones, with separate controls for archival
storage, public areas and staff workspaces. This will allow for precise environmental management tailored
to the needs of each zone.
4. Waterproofing and Moisture Management
Comprehensive Waterproofing: Apply waterproofing treatments to all exterior walls, roofs and foundations
to prevent water ingress. Use advanced waterproofing membranes and coatings that are durable and
effective against Goa’s heavy rains.
Moisture Barriers: Incorporate moisture barriers in the walls and floors of archival storage areas to prevent
the migration of moisture from the surrounding environment into the storage space. Use vapor barriers
under flooring and within wall cavities.
Drainage Systems: Design an efficient drainage system around the building, including perimeter drains,
French drains and gutter systems, to quickly remove rainwater and prevent water accumulation near the
building. Ensure that downspouts direct water away from the foundation.
5. Air Quality and Ventilation
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Air Filtration: Install high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the HVAC system to remove dust,
pollutants and Mold spores from the air. This is particularly important in Goa’s humid environment, where
Mold growth can be a significant risk.
Ventilation: Incorporate a well-designed ventilation system that provides fresh air exchange without
compromising climate control. Consider using energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) to maintain indoor air
quality while conserving energy.
6. Disaster Resilience
Flood Protection Measures: In addition to raised flooring, consider designing the lower levels of the
building with water-resistant materials and creating flood barriers or berms around the site. Install sump
pumps with backup power to handle any water intrusion.
Seismic Considerations: Although Goa is not in a high seismic risk zone, it’s advisable to incorporate basic
seismic resilience into the building’s design to ensure the structural integrity of the archives during any
potential seismic activity.
Fire Protection: Install an advanced fire detection and suppression system, such as an inert gas system or
water mist system, which is safe for archival materials. Regularly update fire safety protocols and conduct
drills.
7. Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
Green Building Certification: Aim for a green building certification, such as LEED or IGBC, which
includes energy-efficient design, sustainable materials and water conservation practices. This will reduce
the building’s environmental footprint and operational costs.
Solar Shading and Insulation: Use solar shading devices, such as louvers or external shading screens, to
reduce solar heat gain. Ensure that the building is well-insulated to maintain energy efficiency and reduce
the load on the HVAC system.
Rainwater Harvesting: Integrate a rainwater harvesting system to collect and store rainwater for use in
landscaping or non-potable purposes within the building. This system should be designed to handle the
large volumes of water typical during Goa’s monsoon season.
8. Archival Storage Design
Modular Storage Systems: Install modular, movable shelving systems in archival storage areas. These
systems should be made of non-reactive materials, such as powder-coated steel and should allow for
flexibility in storage configurations as the collection grows.
Seismic-Resistant Shelving: Ensure that shelving units are designed to be stable and seismic-resistant, with
features like base anchoring and shelf restraints to prevent the movement or toppling of documents during
any seismic activity.
Document Security: Equip storage areas with advanced security systems, including biometric access
controls, CCTV surveillance and alarm systems, to protect the archives from theft, vandalism, or
unauthorized access.
9. Public and Staff Areas
Visitor and Exhibition Spaces: Design visitor areas, including exhibition spaces, lecture halls and reading
rooms, with a focus on accessibility and user comfort. These areas should be well-lit, with appropriate
climate control to protect displayed documents.
Staff Workspaces: Provide staff with ergonomic, climate-controlled workspaces that are designed for
archival work, including areas for document processing, digital archiving and conservation labs.
10. Digital Infrastructure
Digitization Lab: Establish a dedicated digitization lab equipped with high-resolution scanners, digital
cameras and archival-quality imaging software. This lab will support ongoing digitization efforts to create
digital copies of the archival materials.
Data Storage and Backup: Create a robust IT infrastructure for storing and managing digital archives. This
should include secure servers, cloud storage solutions and redundant backup systems to prevent data loss.
11. Community and Educational Integration
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Educational Facilities: Include spaces for educational programs, workshops and seminars to engage the
community and promote the use of the archives for research and learning.
Public Engagement: Design the building with areas for public interaction, such as galleries, conference
rooms and multipurpose spaces that can host cultural events, exhibitions and lectures.
12. Maintenance and Monitoring
Building Maintenance Plan: Develop a comprehensive maintenance plan for the building, including regular
inspections of HVAC systems, waterproofing, drainage systems and structural components. This plan
should include protocols for responding to any maintenance issues that arise, especially during the
monsoon season.
Environmental Monitoring: Install sensors and monitoring systems to continuously track temperature,
humidity and air quality within the archives. Set up automated alerts to notify staff of any deviations from
the optimal conditions.
The design of the new Goa Archives building must reflect both modern best practices in archival science
and the specific environmental challenges posed by Goa’s humid climate and monsoon rains. By focusing
on advanced environmental control, disaster resilience, energy efficiency and state-of-the-art storage
solutions, the building can provide a secure and sustainable home for Goa’s priceless historical records,
ensuring their preservation for future generations while also serving as a center for education and cultural
engagement.
1. Infrastructure and Environmental Control
Climate-Controlled Storage
Temperature and Humidity Control: Install advanced HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
systems to maintain a stable environment within the archives. Ideal conditions for paper documents are a
temperature of 18-22°C and relative humidity of 45-55%. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity should
be minimized to prevent deterioration.
Air Filtration: Equip the storage areas with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to remove dust,
pollutants and other airborne contaminants that could harm the archival materials. Regularly monitor air
quality to ensure it meets preservation standards.
Lighting: Use low-UV and low-heat lighting systems in storage and display areas. LED lighting is
recommended to reduce the risk of damage caused by light exposure. Motion-sensor lighting should be
considered to limit the duration of exposure.
Secure and Disaster-Resilient Facilities
Fire Protection: Install state-of-the-art fire detection and suppression systems, such as inert gas or water
mist systems, which are safe for use in archival environments. Regularly conduct fire drills and review
emergency protocols.
Flood and Water Damage Prevention: Elevate storage units above potential flood levels and install water
detection systems. Ensure that drainage systems around the building are well-maintained to prevent water
ingress.
Security Measures: Implement strict security protocols, including surveillance cameras, access control
systems and alarm systems, to protect against theft and unauthorized access. Only authorized personnel
should be allowed in sensitive areas.
2. Conservation and Restoration Techniques
Document and Manuscript Conservation
Assessment and Prioritization: Conduct a thorough assessment of the entire collection to identify
documents in need of urgent conservation. Prioritize items based on their historical value, condition and
frequency of use.
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Deacidification: For paper-based materials, consider deacidification treatments to neutralize acids that
cause paper to become brittle. This can be done using non-aqueous solutions to prevent further
deterioration.
Rebinding and Repair: Carefully repair damaged bindings and pages using archival-quality materials.
Ensure that all repairs are reversible, following the principle of minimal intervention to maintain the
authenticity of the documents.
Digitization for Preservation: Digitize the entire collection, starting with the most fragile and frequently
accessed items. High-resolution digital copies serve as a backup and reduce the need for handling the
originals. These digital archives should be stored securely and regularly backed up.
Map and Artwork Conservation
Flattening and Repair: For maps and large documents that may have been rolled or folded, employ
flattening techniques under controlled conditions to prevent cracking or tearing. Repair any tears with
archival-quality materials.
Pigment Stabilization: For maps and artworks with fading pigments, consider using conservation
treatments to stabilize and enhance the pigments without altering the original appearance.
Book Conservation
Cleaning and Stabilization: Regularly clean books and manuscripts using soft brushes and vacuum systems
designed for archival use. Apply stabilization treatments to leather bindings and other organic materials
that may be deteriorating.
Customized Housing: Provide custom-made archival boxes, folders and supports for each book to protect
them from dust, light and physical damage. Acid-free materials should be used for all housings.
3. Digital Preservation and Access
Digitization Strategy
High-Resolution Scanning: Digitize documents, manuscripts, maps and photographs using high-resolution
scanners that can capture fine details. Store digital files in uncompressed or lossless formats to ensure the
highest quality.
Metadata Creation: Develop comprehensive metadata for each digitized item, including details such as the
document's origin, historical context, condition and any previous conservation efforts. This metadata
should be searchable to facilitate access.
Digital Archiving and Redundancy
Digital Repository: Store digital copies in a secure, dedicated digital repository with robust backup
systems. Implement redundancy by storing copies in multiple locations, including cloud storage, to protect
against data loss.
Periodic Review: Regularly review and update the digital archive to keep pace with technological
advancements and to ensure the long-term accessibility and readability of digital files.
Public Access and Education
Online Access: Provide online access to digitized materials through a user-friendly web portal. This can
help reduce the physical handling of original documents while making the collection more accessible to
researchers, students and the general public.
Virtual Exhibits: Create virtual exhibits and thematic collections that showcase significant documents and
artifacts from the archives. These can be used for educational purposes and to raise awareness about the
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importance of preserving Goa’s historical heritage.
4. Preventive Conservation and Monitoring
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Pest Monitoring: Regularly inspect the archives for signs of pests, such as insects and rodents, which can
cause significant damage to documents. Use non-toxic traps and monitoring devices to detect infestations
early.
Preventive Measures: Implement preventive measures such as sealing entry points, using pest-repellent
coatings on shelving and maintaining a clean environment to deter pests from entering storage areas.
Environmental Monitoring
Continuous Monitoring: Install sensors to continuously monitor temperature, humidity and air quality
within the storage areas. Automated alerts should be set up to notify staff of any deviations from optimal
conditions.
Data Analysis: Regularly analyze environmental data to identify trends and potential risks. Use this
information to make informed decisions about necessary adjustments to climate control systems.
Regular Inspections
Routine Inspections: Conduct routine inspections of the entire collection, including storage areas, to check
for signs of deterioration, damage, or environmental issues. Document findings and take immediate action
to address any concerns.
5. Training, Education and Capacity Building
Staff Training
Conservation Training: Provide specialized training for archive staff in document conservation techniques,
handling protocols and emergency response. This training should be conducted by experienced
conservators and regularly updated.
Digital Archiving Skills: Train staff in digital archiving, including digitization techniques, metadata
creation and digital preservation strategies. Ensure that staff are proficient in using the digital repository
system.
Capacity Building
Collaboration with Experts: Establish partnerships with national and international conservation institutions
to provide ongoing training, technical assistance and access to the latest conservation technologies.
Internships and Fellowships: Offer internships and fellowships to students and young professionals in the
fields of conservation, archiving and history. This will help build a new generation of skilled conservators
and archivists.
6. Research, Collaboration and Community Engagement
Research and Conservation Science
Research Projects: Encourage research projects focused on the conservation challenges specific to the Goa
Archives, such as the effects of tropical climates on paper and ink. Collaborate with academic institutions
to conduct scientific studies that inform conservation practices.
Publications: Publish findings from conservation and research projects in academic journals and at
conferences to contribute to the global knowledge base on archival conservation.
Collaboration and Networking
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National and International Partnerships: Collaborate with national institutions like the National Archives of
India and international organizations like UNESCO to share knowledge, resources and best practices in
archival conservation.
Community Outreach: Engage with the local community through outreach programs, workshops and
exhibitions that highlight the importance of preserving Goa’s documentary heritage. Encourage public
participation in identifying and preserving historical documents.
7. Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Recovery
Emergency Response Plan
Disaster Planning: Develop a comprehensive disaster response plan specifically tailored for the Goa
Archives. This plan should cover fire, flood, mold outbreaks and other potential threats. Ensure that all
staff are familiar with the plan and conduct regular drills.
Emergency Kits: Equip the archives with emergency kits containing materials for immediate response,
such as protective clothing, archival boxes, drying equipment and emergency lighting.
Disaster Recovery
Rapid Response Team: Establish a rapid response team trained in document recovery and stabilization.
This team should be able to act quickly to salvage and protect materials in the event of a disaster.
Recovery Facilities: Set up facilities for the immediate drying, cleaning and stabilization of documents
after a disaster. This may include freeze-drying equipment, dehumidifiers and dedicated workspace for
conservation work.
8. Legal and Ethical Considerations
Legal Protection
Legal Framework: Ensure that the collection is protected under state and national heritage laws, preventing
unauthorized removal, sale, or destruction of any items within the archives. Strengthen legal measures for
prosecuting offenses against archival materials.
Ownership and Repatriation: Establish clear guidelines on the ownership of documents within the archives,
particularly those that may have been acquired during colonial times. Work towards repatriating any
documents that may have been removed from Goa illegally.
Ethical Conservation Practices
Minimal Intervention: Follow the principle of minimal intervention in conservation practices, ensuring that
all treatments are reversible and that the original materials are preserved as much as possible.
Transparency: Maintain transparency in all conservation and restoration activities, providing detailed
records of any interventions. Make these records accessible to researchers and the public.
The Goa Archives is a treasure trove of historical documents that require meticulous care and modern
conservation techniques to ensure their preservation. By implementing this detailed conservation and
protection policy, Goa can safeguard its priceless collection for future generations.
SECURITY
To protect the new Goa Archives building from theft, vandalism, terrorism, arson and other security threats,
a comprehensive security plan must be integrated into the building’s design and operations. Below are
detailed measures to safeguard the building and its priceless collections against these risks:
1. Perimeter Security
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Fencing and Barriers: Erect a robust perimeter fence around the building with controlled access points. The
fence should be tall, strong and designed to prevent climbing. Consider adding anti-ram barriers or bollards
at key access points to prevent vehicle-based attacks.
Controlled Access Gates: Install electronically controlled gates at all vehicular and pedestrian entry points.
These gates should be monitored and operated from a central security control room, with the ability to
close and lock automatically in an emergency.
Surveillance Systems: Deploy high-resolution CCTV cameras along the perimeter, at entry and exit points
and in all exterior areas. Cameras should be equipped with night vision and motion detection capabilities.
Footage should be monitored in real-time by security personnel and recorded for later review.
2. Building Access Control
Biometric Access Control: Implement a biometric access control system for all entry points, especially in
sensitive areas like archival storage, digitization labs and staff workspaces. Only authorized personnel
should have access to these areas.
Visitor Management System: Install a visitor management system that requires all visitors to register and
provide identification upon entry. Issue electronic visitor badges that limit access to specific areas and are
tracked throughout the visit.
Security Personnel: Employ trained security personnel to monitor entry points, patrol the premises and
respond to security incidents. Security staff should be equipped with communication devices and have
access to all areas of the building.
3. Internal Surveillance and Monitoring
CCTV Coverage: Install a comprehensive CCTV system inside the building, covering all critical areas
including storage rooms, public areas, corridors, stairwells and emergency exits. Cameras should be placed
strategically to avoid blind spots.
Central Security Control Room: Establish a central security control room equipped with monitors
displaying live feeds from all CCTV cameras, access control logs and environmental monitoring systems.
The control room should be staffed 24/7 by trained security personnel.
Intrusion Detection: Install motion sensors, glass break detectors and door/window contact sensors in all
critical areas. These sensors should be connected to the building’s alarm system, triggering immediate
alerts in the event of unauthorized access.
4. Anti-Theft Measures
Secure Storage: Ensure that all archival materials, particularly high-value items, are stored in secure,
locked cabinets or vaults. These storage units should be made of fireproof and impact-resistant materials,
with access restricted to authorized personnel only.
Item-Level RFID Tracking: Implement an RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) system to track the
movement of individual items within the archive. Each document, book, or artifact should be tagged with
an RFID chip that triggers an alarm if it is moved out of authorized areas.
Regular Audits: Conduct regular audits and inventory checks to ensure that all items are accounted for. Any
discrepancies should be investigated immediately.
5. Anti-Vandalism and Anti-Arson Measures
Vandalism Deterrence: Install shatter-resistant, bulletproof glass on all windows and display cases to
prevent vandalism. Exterior walls should be treated with anti-graffiti coatings that allow for easy removal
of any defacement.
Fire Detection and Suppression: Install a comprehensive fire detection system with smoke detectors, heat
sensors and flame detectors strategically placed throughout the building. Use a fire suppression system that
is safe for archival materials, such as an inert gas system (e.g., FM-200 or NOVEC 1230) or water mist
system.
Arson Prevention: Ensure that all entry points are secured and monitored to prevent unauthorized access by
potential arsonists. Store any flammable materials in fireproof, secure storage areas away from archival
collections.
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6. Anti-Terrorism Measures
Blast-Resistant Design: Where possible, incorporate blast-resistant materials and construction techniques
into the building design, especially in areas housing valuable or sensitive collections. Windows should be
equipped with blast-resistant glazing.
Vehicular Access Control: Restrict vehicular access close to the building, particularly near entrances and
critical infrastructure. Use anti-ram bollards or other physical barriers to prevent vehicles from approaching
the building at high speeds.
Screening and Inspection: Implement a screening process for all deliveries, mail, and packages entering the
building. Consider using X-ray machines, metal detectors and explosive detection systems to inspect items
before they are brought inside.
7. Emergency Response and Preparedness
Emergency Evacuation Plans: Develop and regularly update emergency evacuation plans for various
scenarios, including fire, bomb threats and active shooter situations. Ensure that all staff are trained in these
procedures and conduct regular drills.
Panic Alarms: Install panic alarms in key areas, such as the security control room, staff offices and public
service counters. These alarms should trigger an immediate response from security personnel and local law
enforcement.
Coordination with Law Enforcement: Establish strong relationships with local law enforcement and
emergency services. Develop coordinated response plans for handling incidents of terrorism, arson, or
other security threats.
8. Staff Training and Awareness
Security Training: Provide comprehensive security training to all staff, including recognizing and
responding to suspicious activity, handling emergency situations and following proper protocols for
accessing restricted areas.
Cybersecurity Training: As digital threats are also a concern, ensure that staff are trained in cybersecurity
best practices, including secure handling of digital archives, recognizing phishing attempts and using
secure networks.
Drills and Simulations: Conduct regular drills and simulations for security threats such as theft, fire and
terrorist attacks. These exercises will help staff become familiar with emergency procedures and improve
their response times.
9. Public and Visitor Safety
Visitor Screening: Screen all visitors at the entrance, using metal detectors and bag checks as necessary.
Consider implementing a clear bag policy to minimize the risk of contraband being brought into the
building.
Surveillance of Public Areas: Ensure that public areas, such as exhibition halls and reading rooms, are
under constant surveillance. Security personnel should be visibly present to deter potential threats.
Emergency Communication: Install a public address system throughout the building to quickly
communicate with visitors and staff in the event of an emergency. This system should be connected to the
security control room and used for real-time instructions during an incident.
10. Cybersecurity Measures
Data Protection: Implement strong cybersecurity measures to protect digital archives and the building’s IT
infrastructure. This includes firewalls, encryption, secure access controls and regular security audits.
Network Security: Secure the building’s network against unauthorized access by using VPNs, multi-factor
authentication and regular updates to security software.
Incident Response Plan: Develop a cybersecurity incident response plan to address potential breaches, data
theft, or cyberattacks. This plan should include steps for containment, investigation and recovery.
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11. Insurance and Legal Protections
Comprehensive Insurance: Obtain comprehensive insurance coverage for the building and its contents,
including protection against theft, vandalism, terrorism and natural disasters. Ensure that the policy covers
the full value of the archives and any potential restoration costs.
Legal Recourse: Work with legal experts to establish clear protocols for pursuing legal action in the event
of theft, vandalism, or other criminal activities. This includes working with law enforcement and
international agencies for the recovery of stolen items.
The security of the Goa Archives is paramount, given the priceless nature of the collections it houses. By
integrating these measures into the building’s design and operations, the archives can be protected against
theft, vandalism, terrorism, arson and other security threats. This comprehensive approach ensures that the
archives remain a safe and secure repository for Goa’s cultural heritage, while also providing a secure
environment for staff and visitors.
Advanced technologies in the new building
Integrating advanced technologies like holographic storage for digitized archival documents can
significantly enhance the security, accessibility and preservation of the Goa Archives' priceless collection.
Holographic storage offers a high-capacity, durable and secure method for archiving digital data, making it
ideal for long-term preservation of digitized documents. Here’s how holographic storage can be included in
the new Goa Archives building:
1. Understanding Holographic Storage
Holographic Data Storage Technology: Holographic storage records data throughout the volume of a
medium (not just on the surface), enabling vast amounts of data to be stored in a small physical space. This
technology uses laser beams to write and read data, making it highly reliable and capable of storing
information with high density.
Advantages for Archival Use:
High Capacity: Holographic storage can store terabytes of data on a single disc, making it suitable for
large-scale digitization projects.
Long-Term Durability: Holographic storage media have a longer lifespan (potentially decades or even
centuries) compared to traditional magnetic or optical storage, reducing the need for frequent data
migration.
Security: The data stored is highly secure and resistant to environmental factors such as humidity,
temperature fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, which are crucial considerations in Goa's
climate.
2. Integration into the Archives’ Digital Infrastructure
Holographic Storage Systems
Installation of Holographic Drives: Equip the archives with holographic storage drives that are capable of
reading and writing holographic data. These drives should be integrated into the IT infrastructure of the
building, allowing for seamless data transfer from existing digital systems.
Redundant Holographic Storage: Implement a redundant holographic storage system where multiple copies
of digitized documents are stored across different media. This redundancy ensures that even if one copy is
damaged or lost, the data remains safe.
Data Management and Access
Data Encoding and Indexing: Encode digitized documents into holographic storage with comprehensive
metadata to ensure easy retrieval. Develop a robust indexing system that allows archivists to quickly locate
and access specific documents within the holographic storage system.
Access Control: Restrict access to holographic storage systems to authorized personnel only, using
biometric authentication and encryption to protect sensitive data. The system should be designed to prevent
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unauthorized copying or tampering with the data.
3. Security and Disaster Resilience
Physical Security
Secure Storage Environment: House the holographic storage devices in a dedicated, climate-controlled
room within the archives. This room should be secured with advanced access control systems, CCTV
surveillance and environmental monitoring to protect against unauthorized access, theft, or environmental
threats.
Fire and Disaster Protection: Equip the storage area with fire suppression systems that are safe for
electronic equipment, such as inert gas or water mist systems. Ensure that the area is also protected against
flooding, power surges and other potential disasters.
Data Security
Encryption: Encrypt all data stored in the holographic system to prevent unauthorized access. Use state-of-
the-art encryption protocols that are regularly updated to maintain security against evolving threats.
Backups and Offsite Storage: Create holographic backups that are stored in a secure offsite location,
ensuring that a copy of the data remains safe in the event of a disaster at the primary site. This offsite
storage should be equally protected and regularly updated.
4. Integration with Existing Digital Archives
Hybrid Storage Solutions
Complementary Use: Use holographic storage in conjunction with other digital storage solutions, such as
cloud storage and traditional hard drives, to create a hybrid storage system that balances accessibility,
capacity and long-term preservation.
Data Migration and Management: Establish protocols for the regular migration of data between storage
systems to ensure that all digitized documents are available in multiple formats. This approach also helps to
maintain data integrity and accessibility over time.
Interoperability and Access
Digital Asset Management (DAM) System: Integrate holographic storage into a comprehensive Digital
Asset Management system that allows staff to manage, search and retrieve digital assets efficiently. This
system should support seamless interoperability between holographic storage and other digital storage
formats.
User-Friendly Interface: Develop a user-friendly interface for accessing holographically stored data,
ensuring that archivists and researchers can easily retrieve documents without needing specialized
technical knowledge.
5. Training and Capacity Building
Staff Training
Technical Training: Provide specialized training for IT staff and archivists on the operation and
maintenance of holographic storage systems. This training should cover data encoding, retrieval processes,
system troubleshooting and security protocols.
Ongoing Education: Offer ongoing education opportunities to keep staff updated on the latest
developments in holographic storage technology and digital archiving best practices.
Public Awareness and Education
Educational Programs: Incorporate information about holographic storage and its role in digital
preservation into public education programs and exhibitions. This can help raise awareness about the
importance of digital preservation and the advanced technologies used in the archives.
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Research and Collaboration: Encourage research partnerships with academic institutions and technology
companies to explore further applications of holographic storage in archival science. This could lead to
innovations that benefit the broader archival community.
6. Sustainability and Futureproofing
Scalability
Scalable Systems: Design the holographic storage system to be easily scalable, allowing the archives to
expand storage capacity as needed without requiring significant overhauls of the existing infrastructure.
Futureproofing: Stay informed about advancements in holographic storage technology and plan for future
upgrades. This approach ensures that the archives remain at the forefront of digital preservation
technology.
Energy Efficiency
Energy-Efficient Design: Implement energy-efficient storage solutions to minimize the environmental
impact of holographic storage. This includes using energy-efficient drives, optimizing data storage
processes and incorporating renewable energy sources where possible.
Sustainable Practices: Incorporate sustainable practices into the overall management of the archives,
aligning with broader green building and conservation goals.
Integrating holographic storage into the Goa Archives building will significantly enhance the security,
durability and accessibility of digitized archival documents. This advanced technology, combined with
robust security measures and sustainable practices, ensures that the priceless historical records of Goa are
preserved for future generations while remaining accessible for research, education and cultural
engagement. The inclusion of holographic storage also positions the Goa Archives as a leader in digital
preservation, employing cutting-edge solutions to protect its invaluable collections.
II. State-level inventory and database of heritage sites and objects
Preparing a comprehensive state-level inventory and database of heritage sites and objects in Goa is a
monumental task, given the state’s diverse and rich cultural heritage. GSHP-2025 suggests a multiphase
strategy as follows
Phase 1: Planning and Preliminary Research
1. Establish a Central Coordinating Body
Formation: Set up a Heritage Inventory Committee within the Goa Heritage Authority to oversee and
coordinate the inventory process. This committee should include experts in history, archaeology,
architecture, cultural studies and local governance.
Training and Capacity Building: Provide specialized training for team members and local coordinators on
inventory methodologies, data collection, documentation standards and the use of digital tools.
2. Use Heritage Categories and Criteria
Use Heritage Categories as defined earlier in Part C of this document. Establish criteria for heritage,
including historical significance, architectural uniqueness, cultural importance, ecological value and
community relevance.
3. Mapping and Dividing the Task
Geographical Division: Divide the state into manageable units based on administrative boundaries:
districts, talukas, villages, census towns, municipal councils and forest areas.
Prioritization: Prioritize areas with known concentrations of heritage sites or those under immediate threat.
This can include UNESCO tentative sites, ASI-listed monuments and sites mentioned in historical records.
Phase 2: Data Collection and Fieldwork
4. Engage Local Stakeholders
Local Committees: Form local heritage committees at the taluka, village and town levels. Include
representatives from municipal councils, village panchayats, local historians, NGOs and community
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leaders.
Community Participation: Encourage community members to participate in the identification process by
reporting local sites of historical or cultural importance. Public awareness campaigns can help gather input
from the community.
5. Preliminary Surveys and Documentation
Pilot Survey: Conduct a pilot survey in a small, representative area to test the methodology, refine the
criteria and assess logistical needs. Use the results to make necessary adjustments before expanding
statewide.
Field Surveys: Deploy teams to conduct detailed field surveys across the state. Use standardized forms and
tools (GPS, digital cameras, drones, etc.) to document each site’s location, condition, significance and
ownership.
Data Collection: Collect detailed information on each heritage site, including physical descriptions,
historical background, current use, legal status, threats and conservation needs. Include geospatial data for
mapping.
6. Photographic and Video Documentation
Visual Documentation: Capture high-quality photographs and videos of each site from multiple angles.
This documentation should include close-ups of significant architectural features, inscriptions and artifacts.
Digital Archiving: Store all visual documentation in a digital archive, ensuring it is organized and easily
accessible for future reference and public access.
Phase 3: Data Collection and Fieldwork (Enhanced with Technology)
Drone-Based Surveys
Incorporating drone-based surveys and underwater archaeology into the heritage inventory process
significantly enhances the ability to document, protect and manage Goa’s diverse heritage. These
technologies provide detailed, accurate data that can uncover previously hidden sites, monitor changes over
time and create engaging educational tools. By integrating these methodologies into the step-by-step
approach, Goa can ensure that its heritage conservation efforts are at the forefront of modern practices,
preserving both terrestrial and underwater cultural heritage for future generations.
Aerial Surveys and Documentation
Drone Deployment: Use drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and LIDAR (Light Detection and
Ranging) technology to conduct aerial surveys of heritage sites. This is particularly useful for large or
difficult-to-access areas such as forts, forested regions and rural landscapes.
Topographical Mapping: Generate detailed topographical maps of heritage sites using drone data. These
maps can help in understanding the terrain, the spatial relationship of structures and any encroachments or
changes over time.
3D Modelling: Create 3D models of significant heritage structures using data collected from drones. These
models can be used for virtual tours, conservation planning and educational purposes.
Survey of Forested and Remote Areas
Forest Heritage: Utilize drones to survey and document heritage sites within forested areas, including
sacred groves, natural monuments and archaeological sites. Drones can cover large areas quickly and
provide data that might be difficult to obtain through traditional ground surveys.
Detection of Undocumented Sites: Identify previously undocumented heritage sites, such as ruins or
ancient paths, that may be hidden by vegetation or in remote locations.
Monitoring and Conservation
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Regular Monitoring: Conduct regular drone-based monitoring of heritage sites to track changes in their
condition over time. This can help in the early detection of threats such as illegal construction, natural
erosion, or vandalism.
Post-Disaster Assessment: Use drones to assess damage to heritage sites following natural disasters like
floods, landslides, or cyclones. The rapid deployment of drones can provide critical data for emergency
conservation measures.
Underwater Archaeology
Identification of Underwater Heritage Sites
Marine Surveys: Conduct systematic marine surveys along Goa’s coastline and riverbeds using underwater
drones (ROVs - Remotely Operated Vehicles) and sonar technology to identify submerged heritage sites,
such as ancient ports, shipwrecks, submerged temples and historical harbours.
Documentation of Underwater Sites: Capture high-resolution imagery and video footage of underwater
heritage sites. This documentation should include detailed measurements and environmental data, such as
salinity and currents, which can impact the preservation of these sites.
Exploration and Research
Submerged Landscapes: Study submerged landscapes and settlements that may have been part of ancient
trade routes or early human habitation. This research can provide insights into historical maritime activities
and coastal changes.
Collaboration with Marine Archaeologists: Partner with marine archaeology experts and institutions to
conduct detailed underwater excavations and research. This collaboration can lead to discovering artifacts,
structures and other significant cultural remains.
Conservation of Underwater Heritage
In-Situ Preservation: Promote the in-situ preservation of underwater heritage sites whenever possible. This
approach ensures that the sites remain protected in their natural environment, reducing the risk of damage
from excavation or relocation.
Monitoring and Protection: Implement monitoring systems to protect underwater heritage from threats such
as illegal fishing, treasure hunting and environmental degradation. This may involve setting up underwater
sensors and collaborating with maritime security agencies.
Phase 4: Data Management and Database Development (Enhanced with Technology)
Integration of Drone and Underwater Data
Database Integration: Integrate data collected from drone-based surveys and underwater archaeology into
the central digital database. This includes aerial imagery, 3D models, underwater photographs, videos and
GIS data.
Mapping and Analysis: Use GIS tools to overlay aerial and underwater survey data with existing maps of
heritage sites. This can reveal new insights into the spatial relationships between sites and their
environmental context.
Public Access and Visualization
Virtual Reality and 3D Tours: Develop virtual reality experiences and 3D tours of heritage sites using data
from drone and underwater surveys. These can be made available through the online portal and mobile
applications, enhancing public engagement and education.
Interactive Maps: Create interactive maps that allow users to explore heritage sites from different
perspectives, including aerial views and underwater footage. These maps can be a valuable tool for
researchers, tourists and educators.
Phase 5: Review, Publication and Maintenance
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Expert Review of Technological Data
Specialized Expert Review: Engage experts in drone technology and underwater archaeology to review the
data collected and ensure its accuracy and relevance to heritage conservation. Incorporate their feedback
into the final inventory and database.
Ongoing Technological Advancements
Regular Updates with New Technologies: Stay updated with advancements in drone technology,
underwater archaeology and digital tools. Regularly update the database and inventory using the latest
available technology to ensure that the data remains accurate and comprehensive.
Phase 6: Data Management and Database Development
7. Data Entry and Validation
Central Database: Establish a central digital database to store all collected data. This database should be
relational, allowing for easy retrieval and cross-referencing of information.
Data Validation: Implement a process for verifying and validating data entries. This could involve cross-
checking with historical records, academic research and local knowledge.
GIS Integration: Integrate Geographic Information System (GIS) technology into the database to map and
analyse the spatial distribution of heritage sites across the state.
8. Classification and Categorization
Classify Data: Organize the data into categories based on the type of heritage, geographical location and
significance. Assign unique identification codes to each site for easy tracking.
Create Metadata: Develop detailed metadata for each entry, including the date of documentation, sources of
information and links to related sites or documents.
9. Digital Tools and Public Access
Online Portal: Develop a user-friendly online portal to provide public access to the heritage database. The
portal should allow users to search for sites, view maps and access photographs and historical information.
Mobile Application: Consider developing a mobile app that allows users to explore heritage sites, report
new findings and participate in virtual tours.
Phase 7: Review, Publication and Maintenance
10. Peer Review and Expert Consultation
Expert Review: Engage heritage experts, historians and conservation professionals to review the inventory
and ensure its accuracy and comprehensiveness. Incorporate feedback and make necessary revisions.
Public Consultation: Hold public consultations to present the findings and gather additional input from
communities and stakeholders.
11. Publication and Dissemination
Publish the Inventory: Prepare a comprehensive state-level inventory report, including maps, descriptions,
photographs and analysis. Publish both digital and print versions for distribution to libraries, educational
institutions and government agencies.
Dissemination: Ensure that the inventory is widely disseminated to local governments, community groups,
tourism boards and educational institutions. Promote its use in planning, education and heritage
conservation efforts.
12. Ongoing Maintenance and Updates
Regular Updates: Establish a system for regularly updating the inventory as new sites are discovered or as
the condition of existing sites changes. Encourage continuous community involvement in reporting and
documenting heritage.
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Monitoring and Maintenance: Implement a program for the ongoing monitoring of heritage sites to track
changes in their condition and conservation needs. Update the database with new information as it becomes
available.
Sustainability Plan: Develop a long-term sustainability plan for maintaining the database, including
funding, technical support and institutional responsibility.
Phase 8: Policy Integration and Capacity Building
13. Integration into Planning and Development
Policy Integration: Ensure that the inventory is integrated into local and state-level planning processes. Use
the data to inform decisions on urban development, tourism, environmental protection and infrastructure
projects.
Heritage Zoning: Advocate for the inclusion of heritage zoning in town and regional plans, ensuring that
heritage sites are protected from incompatible development.
14. Training and Capacity Building
Workshops and Training Programs: Organize workshops and training programs for local government
officials, community members and students on the use of the heritage inventory, conservation practices and
heritage management.
Capacity Building: Build capacity within local governments and communities to manage and conserve
heritage sites effectively, using the inventory as a key tool.
15. Monitoring and Evaluation
Periodic Reviews: Conduct periodic reviews of the inventory and the effectiveness of its use in heritage
conservation and management. Adjust methodologies and tools as needed to improve accuracy and
relevance.
Feedback Mechanism: Establish a feedback mechanism to gather input from inventory users, including
government agencies, NGOs, researchers and the general public.
III. Effective implementation of The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
Goa has thousands of antiquities. To streamline the compulsory registration of antiquities in private and
government possession in Goa, creating a simplified and user-friendly procedure that encourages
compliance while ensuring proper documentation and protection of cultural heritage is essential.
1. Public Awareness Campaign
Information Dissemination: Launch a comprehensive awareness campaign to inform private owners of
antiquities about their legal obligations to register these items. Use various media, including newspapers,
radio, social media and public meetings, to reach a wide audience.
Simplified Guides: Provide easy-to-understand guides and brochures that explain the registration process,
the importance of registering antiquities and the benefits of compliance.
2. Centralized Registration Authority
Establishment of a Registration Office: Set up a dedicated Antiquities Registration Office within the
Department of Archives and Archaeology in Goa. This office will be responsible for managing the
registration process, maintaining records and assisting owners.
Online Registration Portal: Develop an online portal where owners can submit registration applications,
upload photos of the antiquities and track their registration status.
3. Pre-Registration Advisory Services
Consultation Services: Offer pre-registration advisory services where owners can consult with experts at
the Antiquities Registration Office. These experts can help identify items that qualify as antiquities and
provide guidance on the registration process.
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Preliminary Assessment: Allow owners to submit preliminary details and photographs of their items online
or in person to receive a quick assessment on whether the item needs to be registered.
4. Simplified Application Process
Application Form: Provide a simplified, user-friendly application form for registering antiquities. The form
should be available online and in physical format at the registration office.
Required Information: The form should require basic information such as:
Owner’s name and contact details
Description of the antiquity (material, size, age, etc.)
Photographs of antiquity from multiple angles
Provenance or history of the item, if known
Submission Options: Allow for multiple submission methods, including online submission via the portal,
in-person submission at the registration office, or by mail.
5. Verification and Documentation
On-Site Verification: For significant or high-value antiquities, arrange for an on-site visit by an authorized
representative from the Antiquities Registration Office to verify the details and condition of the item.
Digital Records: Create a digital record for each registered antiquity, including the owner’s information,
photographs and a unique registration number. This record should be securely stored and accessible only to
authorized personnel.
6. Issuance of Registration Certificate
Certificate of Registration: Upon successful registration, issue a Certificate of Registration to the owner.
This certificate should include:
A unique registration number
Details of the antiquity (description, age, etc.)
Owner’s details
Date of registration
Digital and Physical Copies: Provide both a digital copy (sent via email or downloadable from the portal)
and a physical copy of the certificate.
7. Regular Updates and Renewals
Update Process: Allow owners to update their registration details easily if there are changes, such as
transfer of ownership or changes in the condition of the antiquity. Updates can be submitted online or in
person.
Periodic Renewals: Implement a simple renewal process every five years, where owners confirm the
continued possession and condition of the antiquity. This renewal can be done through a quick online form
or by submitting updated photographs.
8. Transfer of Ownership
Simplified Transfer Procedure: In case of a sale or transfer of the antiquity, establish a straightforward
process for transferring the registration to the new owner. Both the seller and buyer should notify the
Antiquities Registration Office and the new owner should receive an updated registration certificate.
Mandatory Notification: Make it mandatory for owners to notify the registration office of any sale, gifting,
or inheritance of registered antiquities.
9. Compliance Incentives and Penalties
Incentives: Offer incentives for timely registration, such as discounts on registration fees, recognition in
public records, or eligibility for government-supported conservation grants.
Penalties for Non-Compliance: Clearly communicate the penalties for failing to register antiquities, which
may include fines, confiscation of the item, or legal action. Ensure that enforcement is fair but firm, to
encourage compliance.
10. Ongoing Monitoring and Support
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Support Services: Provide ongoing support and guidance to registered owners, including advice on
conservation, security and the legal aspects of owning antiquities.
Anonymous Reporting Mechanism: Set up an anonymous reporting mechanism for individuals to report
unregistered antiquities or suspected illegal activities related to cultural heritage. This will help identify
non-compliance and protect the state’s heritage.
This simplified procedure for the compulsory registration of antiquities in private and government
possession in Goa aims to make the process accessible, efficient and user-friendly. The procedure
encourages compliance by offering clear guidance, multiple submission options and supportive services
while ensuring that the state’s cultural heritage is properly documented and protected. This approach
balances the responsibilities of private owners with the broader goal of preserving Goa’s rich history for
future generations.
(IV). Conservation of Defence architecture
Goa Forts and Fortifications Conservation
Goa's forts and fortifications testify to its rich historical and cultural legacy, reflecting centuries of
Portuguese, Indian and other influences. To preserve these structures for future generations, it is essential
to establish a comprehensive conservation policy that addresses their protection, restoration, management
and sustainable use. GSHP proposes the following policy framework for the conservation of forts and
fortifications in Goa:
1. Preamble and Objectives
The policy aims to protect, conserve and manage the forts and fortifications of Goa, ensuring their
historical, architectural and cultural significance is preserved. It seeks to integrate these sites into the socio-
economic fabric of the state while maintaining their integrity.
Objectives:
To ensure the structural stability and longevity of forts and fortifications.
To promote their historical and cultural value to both locals and visitors.
To engage local communities and stakeholders in conservation efforts.
To integrate conservation with sustainable tourism and economic development.
2. Identification, Documentation and Inventory
Comprehensive Survey: Conduct a thorough survey of all forts and fortifications in Goa, documenting their
history, architecture, current condition and ownership although majority belong to the government. This
survey should cover both well-known and lesser-known sites, including those in rural or remote areas.
Inventory and Classification: Create a detailed inventory of all forts and fortifications, classifying them
based on historical significance, architectural style, size and condition. Each site should be assigned a
unique identification number.
Digital Archive: Establish a digital archive that includes detailed descriptions, architectural plans,
photographs and historical records of each fort. This archive should be accessible to researchers,
policymakers and the public.
3. Legal Protection and Regulation
Legal Framework: Ensure all forts and fortifications are protected under national and state heritage laws,
such as the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, and the proposed Goa
Heritage Protection, Conservation and Management Act.
Designation as Protected Sites: Officially designate all forts and fortifications as protected heritage sites,
providing them with the highest level of legal protection. This includes defining buffer zones around each
site to prevent encroachment and inappropriate development.
Heritage Impact Assessments (HIA): Mandate Heritage Impact Assessments for any proposed
developments near forts and fortifications to assess and mitigate potential impacts on these structures.
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4. Conservation and Restoration
Authentic Restoration Practices: Employ authentic restoration practices that respect each fort's original
materials, techniques and architectural style. Use traditional materials such as laterite stone, lime mortar
and wood, where applicable.
Preventive Conservation: Implement preventive conservation measures to protect forts from environmental
factors such as coastal erosion, moisture, vegetation growth and seismic activity. Regular maintenance
schedules should be established.
Emergency Stabilization: Develop plans for the emergency stabilization of forts that are at immediate risk
of collapse or significant deterioration. This may involve temporary structures, protective coverings, or
other urgent interventions.
5. Management and Maintenance
Management Plans: Develop site-specific management plans for each fort and fortification, detailing
conservation strategies, maintenance routines, visitor management and community involvement. These
plans should be regularly reviewed and updated.
Local Management Committees: Establish local management committees involving representatives from
the state government, local authorities, heritage experts and community leaders to oversee the
implementation of management plans.
Sustainable Use: Promote the sustainable use of forts, integrating them into local economies through
cultural tourism, events and educational activities, while ensuring that these uses do not compromise the
integrity of the sites.
6. Community Involvement and Awareness
Community Engagement: Actively involve local communities in the conservation process by providing
them with training, resources and opportunities to participate in maintenance and promotional activities.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Launch public awareness campaigns to educate residents and visitors about
the historical significance of Goa’s forts and fortifications and the importance of their conservation.
Educational Programs: Integrate the history and conservation of forts into school curricula and community
education programs. Encourage schools and Goa University and affiliated colleges to conduct research and
fieldwork at these sites.
7. Tourism Development and Management
Heritage Tourism Strategy: Develop a heritage tourism strategy that promotes forts and fortifications as
key attractions. This strategy should include the creation of heritage trails, interpretive signage, guided
tours and visitor centres.
Visitor Management: Implement visitor management plans to control access to sensitive areas, prevent
overcrowding and minimize the impact on the structures. This may include timed entry, restricted areas and
monitoring systems.
Revenue Generation: Explore revenue-generating opportunities such as entry fees, guided tours and events
at forts, ensuring that a significant portion of the revenue is reinvested in conservation and site
management.
8. Research, Documentation and Capacity Building
Research Initiatives: Encourage and fund research initiatives focused on the history, architecture and
conservation of Goa’s forts. This research should inform conservation practices and enhance public
knowledge.
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Capacity Building: Provide training programs for conservation professionals, craftsmen and site managers
in traditional construction techniques, modern conservation practices and site management.
Collaboration with Academic Institutions: Collaborate with universities in India and research institutions to
conduct archaeological studies, structural analyses and historical research at forts and fortifications.
9. Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting
Regular Monitoring: Establish a system for the regular monitoring of the condition of forts and
fortifications. Use technology such as drones, GIS and structural health monitoring systems to track
changes and identify potential threats.
Evaluation of Conservation Efforts: Periodically evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and
management efforts. This evaluation should consider the preservation of architectural integrity, community
engagement and sustainability.
Annual Reporting: Require annual reporting on the condition of forts, the implementation of management
plans, visitor statistics and financial accounts. These reports should be made publicly accessible.
10. Legal Enforcement and Compliance
Strict Enforcement: Enforce laws protecting forts and fortifications with strict penalties for violations, such
as unauthorized alterations, encroachments, or neglect. This includes imposing fines and taking legal action
against offenders.
Compliance Monitoring: Regularly inspect forts and surrounding areas to ensure compliance with heritage
protection laws and regulations. Address any non-compliance promptly through legal and administrative
measures.
Judicial Support: Establish heritage courts or specialized judicial procedures to handle cases related to the
violation of heritage conservation laws effectively and efficiently.
11. Financial Support and Incentives
Conservation Grants: Provide sufficient government grants and financial assistance for the conservation
and restoration of forts, particularly for projects involving significant structural repairs or using traditional
materials.
Tax Incentives: Offer tax incentives for private entities or individuals who contribute to the conservation of
forts, whether through direct funding, sponsorship, or the donation of materials and services.
Public-Private Partnerships: Encourage public-private partnerships to fund and support conservation
projects, with private companies contributing to the preservation of heritage while benefiting from
association with these culturally significant sites.
12. International Cooperation and Best Practices
Adoption of International Standards: Adopt and adapt international conservation standards and guidelines,
such as those from UNESCO and ICOMOS, to ensure the highest quality in conservation practices.
International Collaboration: Foster international cooperation with countries and organizations that have
expertise in fort conservation, facilitating knowledge exchange, technical assistance and joint conservation
projects.
Learning from Best Practices: Study best practices in the conservation of forts and fortifications from
around the world and apply relevant lessons to the context of Goa.
This detailed conservation policy for forts and fortifications in Goa seeks to protect and preserve these
historic structures through a comprehensive approach that combines legal protection, community
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involvement, sustainable tourism and advanced technology. By implementing this policy, Goa can ensure
that its forts and fortifications continue to stand as symbols of its rich history and cultural heritage, while
also contributing to the state’s socio-economic development.
V. Preservation and Promotion Plan for Goa Perni Zagor GPZ
Given the urgent need to preserve the endangered mask dance-drama form of Goa Perni Zagor GPZ, with
only five traditional performing families remaining on this planet, the Goa State Heritage Policy 2025-
2030 integrates the following critical measures to ensure its survival, recognition and sustainability.
Immediate Action Steps
National Recognition
Recommend notification of Goa Perni Zagor as an Endangered Art Form by the Ministry of Culture,
Government of India.
Financial Assistance
Introduce a special pension scheme for senior performers.
Sanction special grants to Perni families for cultural preservation.
Documentation and Archiving
Conduct high-quality audio-visual recordings of GPZ performances through professional agencies.
Training and Capacity Building
Organize certified training workshops for new performers and master trainers with support from Kala
Academy Goa and Sangeet Natak Akademi New Delhi.
Long-Term Preservation Measures
State Patronage
Ensure continuous financial aid and fellowships for performers and their children pursuing GPZ-related
training.
Cultural Festivals and Exhibitions
Host annual state-level GPZ festivals to raise public awareness and showcase the art form.
Heritage Museum Initiative
Establish a dedicated Mask and Folklore Museum for GPZ under the Department of Archives and
Museums Goa.
Tourism and Village Support
Promote key GPZ-performing villages as heritage tourism destinations. Facilitate infrastructure
development and housing support for Perni families through village panchayats.
Institutional and Global Engagement
UNESCO Heritage Recognition
Collaborate with UNESCO and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations ICCR for GPZs inclusion in the
global intangible cultural heritage list.
Educational Integration
Incorporate GPZ studies into school and university curricula, with practical workshops on mask crafting
and folklore performance.
Media and IT Support
Create documentaries, multimedia archives and a dedicated online portal for showcasing GPZ globally.
Annual GPZ Day Celebration
Declare Akshay Trutiya as GPZ Awareness Day to honor and promote the heritage art form through state-
sponsored events.
These combined efforts, guided by state, national and global cooperation, aim to safeguard Goa Perni
Zagor as a living heritage, ensuring its cultural continuity and sustainable development.
VI. The policy accepts the NITI Aayog Working Group Report on Improving Heritage Management
in India. Government of India, 2022, with the following relevant Action Points
1. Legal and Institutional Framework
Establish a statutory heritage management authority for Goa with legislative backing based on the Goa
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978.
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Goa’s rich historical and cultural heritage requires a dedicated management body similar to ASI at the state
level, ensuring the integration of central and state-level policies.
2. National Database and Documentation
Create a comprehensive GIS-based heritage inventory for Goa, including state-protected, religious and
unprotected heritage sites.
A detailed, publicly accessible database will support heritage management, funding applications and
tourism development.
3. Use of Advanced Technologies
Implement technologies such as photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning, LIDAR surveys and drone mapping
to document Goa’s heritage sites.
These technologies ensure precise and sustainable heritage conservation through accurate documentation
and condition monitoring.
4. Conservation and Preservation
Develop and implement site-specific conservation management plans with annual work audits and skill-
building workshops for local craftspeople.
This will ensure the long-term structural stability and cultural authenticity of Goa’s heritage monuments.
5. Heritage Tourism and Community Involvement
Develop tourism circuits linking Goa’s historical, religious and natural heritage sites with clear
interpretation centres, guided tours and community-led experiences.
Linking heritage with tourism can drive sustainable economic development and increase community
participation.
6. Site Museums and Interpretation Centres
Establish site museums at key heritage sites, such as Old Goa, to showcase local history, culture and art.
Museums will serve as educational centres, preserving and interpreting Goa’s rich history for both locals
and visitors.
7. Skill Development and Capacity Building
Establish a Heritage Training Institute in Goa, focusing on conservation techniques, archaeology and
museology.
Trained professionals are critical for heritage preservation, reducing reliance on external experts.
8. Policy and Legislative Integration
Integrate heritage conservation with urban and regional planning, ensuring that development projects
include mandatory Heritage Impact Assessments.
This will mitigate adverse impacts of urbanization on heritage sites and ensure policy cohesion across
departments.
9. Financial and Institutional Sustainability
As mentioned in Part C Establish a Goa Heritage Fund with multiple funding streams such as CSR, tourism
levies and government grants.
A dedicated fund will ensure a continuous flow of resources for heritage management and conservation
projects.
VII. GSHP-2025 considered the Guidelines for HRIDAY: Heritage City Development and
Augmentation Yojana. January 2015.
Based on a critical review of the HRIDAY guidelines, the following actionable points are integrated into
the Goa State Heritage Policy while considering Goa's unique cultural, historical and ecological context:
1. Establishment of a Heritage Management Framework
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Set up a state-level Goa Heritage Management Authority (GHMA) with a mandate similar to the HRIDAY
National Mission Directorate.
A centralized body will coordinate heritage management, ensuring policy consistency, implementation
oversight and inter-departmental collaboration.
2. Heritage Asset Inventory and GIS Mapping
Conduct a comprehensive GIS-based mapping and inventory of Goa’s heritage sites, including cultural,
religious, natural and built assets.
Accurate records will support policy decisions, development control and conservation plans, linking
historical sites with tourism circuits and urban planning projects.
3. Heritage-Sensitive Urban Development
Implement heritage-sensitive urban development practices, including façade improvement, pedestrian-
friendly pathways and regulated commercial zones near heritage sites.
This will protect Goa’s unique character while promoting sustainable tourism and ensuring community
well-being.
4. Basic Infrastructure and Service Provision
Enhance sanitation facilities, public conveniences, clean water access, street lighting and waste
management systems in and around heritage sites.
Upgraded basic services will improve site usability, visitor experience and local livelihoods while
promoting long-term sustainability.
5. Adaptive Reuse and Livelihood Generation
Support adaptive reuse projects such as heritage homestays, craft centres and eco-cultural tourism ventures,
integrating them into tourism and cultural promotion plans.
Adaptive reuse can preserve historical buildings while generating income and preserving traditional skills.
6. Capacity Building and Skill Development
Establish a heritage training institute in Goa offering certifications in conservation, traditional crafts and
tourism management.
Training programs will develop a skilled local workforce, reducing reliance on external experts and
enhancing employment opportunities.
7. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Promote PPP models to fund heritage conservation projects, infrastructure development and cultural
festivals.
Involving the private sector will bring in expertise, technology and financial resources for large-scale
projects.
8. Integrated Cultural and Tourism Development
Create cultural hubs, museums, interpretation centres and digital heritage information systems at major
heritage locations like Old Goa and Chandor.
Interpretation centres will enhance the visitor experience, promote cultural awareness and generate
revenue.
9. Local Community Engagement and Empowerment
Form local heritage councils involving community representatives, historians and tourism experts to advise
on site management and cultural events.
Community participation will ensure heritage conservation aligns with local needs and fosters cultural
pride.
10. Institutional Coordination and Policy Integration
Integrate heritage conservation with Goa’s urban and regional development plans, ensuring mandatory
heritage impact assessments for all major infrastructure projects.
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Policy integration will balance development with heritage preservation, protecting sites from
encroachments and unplanned expansions.
PART E
An action plan to implement GSHP-2025
Action Plan for Efficient Implementation of the Goa State Heritage Policy 2025-2030
these steps are recommended to ensure that the Goa State Heritage Policy is effectively implemented
through legal, administrative, technical and community-driven efforts
Year 1 (2025-26): Finalization and Formal Notification
1. Policy Finalization
-Submit the final draft of the Goa State Heritage Policy to the Government of Goa.
2. Cabinet Approval
-Place the policy document before the State Cabinet.
-Secure formal approval from the State Cabinet for policy adoption.
3. Translation and Official Publication
-Translate the policy document into Konkani and Marathi.
-Publish the approved policy as a notification in the Goa Government Gazette and make it
known to the public
4. Budget Creation and Institutional Framework
-Create dedicated budget subheads wef FY 2025-6 for heritage conservation, cultural
preservation, museums, archives and eco-cultural tourism.
- Establish the Goa State Heritage Council with defined roles and responsibilities.
5. Administrative Directives
- Appoint Director, Deputy Directors and technical officers for various heritage divisions.
6. Launch Schemes
-Antiquities Registration Support Scheme
-Heritage Incentive Portal (HIP
-Heritage Training and Certification Scheme
-Heritage Research and Academic Collaboration Fund
-Heritage Property Tax Rebate Scheme
- Eco-Friendly Construction Material Subsidy Fund
- Goa Heritage Preservation Fund (GHPF)
- Cultural Heritage Documentation Scheme
- Promotion of Festivals and Traditional Fairs Scheme
Year 2 (2026-27): Policy Framework and Scheme Notification
1. Drafting Heritage Conservation Schemes
-Prepare detailed conservation and promotion schemes, including grants for restoration projects,
cultural events and promotion of traditional crafts.
-Draft public-private partnership (PPP) models for heritage site management.
2. Scheme Notifications and Public Awareness
-Publish government-approved schemes in the official gazette in Konkani, Marathi and English.
-Launch a public information campaign to raise awareness about schemes and policy benefits.
3. Administrative Reforms and Capacity Building
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-Initiate legislative amendments to align state laws with GSHP-2025 goals.
-Conduct capacity-building workshops for government officials and local stakeholders on
heritage conservation practices.
4. Digital and Archival Management
-Begin digitizing heritage records and creating a state heritage web portal.
-Integrate GIS mapping for monitoring heritage sites and zones.
5. Launch Schemes
-State Heritage Inventory and Digital Database Development
-Heritage Digital Archive and Public Access Portal
-Legislative Reform and Compliance Support Scheme
-Public-Private Partnership Facilitation Scheme
Year 3 (2027-28): Implementation Phase I (Heritage Projects and Site Management)
1. Implementation of Key Schemes
-Start funding approved heritage conservation projects across Goa.
-Launch pilot restoration projects for major historical sites and monuments.
2. Heritage Site Management Plans
-Develop and implement site management plans for prominent state-protected heritage sites.
-Organize annual inspections and maintenance schedules for public heritage properties.
3. Policy Integration and Tourism Development
-Integrate heritage conservation into Goa’s Tourism Master Plan and Urban Development
Policy.
-Launch state-wide heritage trails and eco-tourism circuits.
4. Launch Schemes
-Heritage Village Promotion Scheme
-Homestay Development and Eco-Cultural Tourism Scheme
-Heritage Craft Village and Souvenir Production Scheme
Year 4 (2028-29): Full-Scale Implementation and Global Collaboration
1. Comprehensive Scheme Execution
-Expand the implementation of heritage schemes to include all registered heritage sites,
monuments and cultural practices.
-Develop infrastructure for heritage tourism, including visitor centers and eco-friendly amenities.
2. International Partnerships
-Collaborate with UNESCO, ICOMOS and other global organizations for heritage management
expertise and funding.
-Host an international heritage management conference in Goa.
3. Educational and Cultural Integration
-Integrate heritage education into state school and university curricula.
-Organize large-scale heritage festivals, cultural exhibitions and craft fairs with government
support.
4. Launch Schemes
-Fort and Fortification Conservation Scheme
-Emergency Heritage Conservation Fund
Year 5 (2029-30): Policy Review and Future Roadmap
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1. Scheduled Legislative Reforms
-Complete the legislative amendments recommended in GSHP-2025.
-Propose and table new heritage laws in the Goa Legislative Assembly.
2. Evaluation and Reporting
-Conduct a state-wide heritage policy performance audit.
-Publish the first five-year heritage management report with achievements and areas needing
improvement.
3. Revision and Next Action Plan
-Initiate drafting the updated Goa State Heritage Policy for 2030-2040.
-Consult for future legislative reforms, expanded schemes and revised implementation
frameworks.
4. Launch Schemes
-Legislative Reform and Compliance Support Scheme
-Public-Private Partnership Facilitation Scheme
Concluding statement: -
The Goa State Heritage Policy 2025-2030 emerges as a landmark initiative, charting a historic course
toward protecting, preserving and promoting the state’s invaluable cultural and natural heritage. Rooted in
Goa’s rich history and diverse traditions, this policy sets a transformative agenda that balances
conservation with sustainable development. It envisions a future where Goa’s historic monuments, sacred
sites, indigenous crafts and living cultural practices thrive through proactive governance, empowered
communities and innovative partnerships.
The policy is built on a foundation of legal, administrative and community-based frameworks designed to
secure the state's heritage assets. By establishing dedicated heritage councils, streamlining legislative
reforms and introducing advanced digital documentation systems, the policy ensures that the treasures of
Goa are preserved for future generations. From supporting conservation through tax rebates and financial
incentives to fostering public-private partnerships that harness global expertise, the policy embodies a
forward-thinking approach that bridges tradition with technology.
Equally significant is the policy’s emphasis on education and cultural integration. It envisions heritage as a
living legacy, empowering schools, universities and local communities to participate actively in cultural
preservation through heritage clubs, training programs and research grants. The policy's support for
festivals, fairs and cultural exhibitions creates vibrant platforms that celebrate the essence of Goa’s
multicultural identity.
Global collaborations with UNESCO, ICOMOS and international heritage organizations further elevate
this policy to the global stage. Including international conferences, heritage tourism development and
international research collaborations reaffirm Goa’s position as a global cultural destination.
As the first comprehensive heritage policy in Goa’s history, this document is more than a policy—it is a
pledge to the people of Goa. It reflects a deep commitment to preserving the soul of this land while
ensuring that heritage becomes a driver of socio-economic progress. The Goa State Heritage Policy 2025-
2030 redefines how heritage is perceived, managed and celebrated, creating a legacy that resonates with
pride, responsibility and collective memory. It stands as a beacon of hope, calling on every Goan to
cherish, protect and promote the timeless spirit that defines Goa’s unique place.
"The past is not dead. It lives in our traditions, our culture and our heritage. We must protect it to shape a
better future." - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
PART E
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(ANNEXURES)
Annexure I
Historical Development of Archives, Archaeology & Museums in Goa
The records of the Portuguese Government were organized into Archives Department in 1596 by its first
keeper of records and the well-known Historian of Asia Diogo do Couto. It was namesd as ‘Torre do
Tombo do Estado da India’ after the name of the Central Archives at Lisbon in Portugal, namely ‘Torre do
Tombo de Lisboa’. The Archives office remained attached to the office of the Portuguese Viceroy of India
and formed part of the Secretariat of the state.
In 1930, its name was changed to ‘Arquivo Geral e Historico da India’. In 1937, it was renamed as
‘Cartorio do Governo Geral do Estado da India’.
It was developed into a separate Directorate of Historical Archives by the efforts of the late Dr. Pandurang
S. S. Pissurlencar in 1953 and named as ‘Arquivo Historico do Estado da India’. Since the liberation of
Goa it was now as Historical Archives of Goa or the Goa Archives.
The Archives department, in its early years, engaged in archaeological surveys through committees known
as 'archaeological committees.' This initiative resulted in a substantial accumulation of archaeological
materials within the department.
In 1977, a Museum was inaugurated, marking a significant expansion for the department, which was
subsequently renamed the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum. With the bifurcation and
Formation of Separate Directorate of Museum in 1999, it was known as Directorate of Archives &
Archaeology.
Subsequently vide the Business of the Government of Goa (Allocation) (Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Rules,
2018 dated 6th January 2019 the Directorate of Archives & Archaeology was bifurcated into two
departments namely- Department of Archives and Department of Archaeology.
I.
List of notified monuments
See the list on this weblink
https://daa.goa.gov.in/en/list-protect-monuments
and https://shorturl.at/z2377
List of monuments under ASI
https://asi.nic.in/admin/whatsnew/download/411
III A CHECKLIST OF SOME IMPORTANT HERITAGE SITES IN GOA
Acronyms
NH: Natural Heritage
CH: Cultural Heritage
AH: Archaeological Heritage
GH: Geological Heritage
Sr.
No
Taluka
Village/Municipality
Name of Site
Type of
Heritage
1
Pernem
Pernem Town
Mharinganachi Rai
NH
2
Pernem
Pernem Town
Remnants of the old shrine
dedicated to Bhutnath
AH
3
Pernem
Virnoda
Nagardeshwarachi Rai - a sacred
grove with the offering of the votive
figures
CH
4
Pernem
Chopde
Kshetrapal temple showcasing the
Kaavi art
CH
5
Pernem
Morji
A century-old Baobab tree
NH
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Pernem
Parshe
Harihar temple with the specimen of
Kaavi art
AH
7
Pernem
Parshe
One of the tallest banyan trees in
front of the temple of Bhagvati
NH
8
Pernem
Terekhol
Hidden caves of Terekhol
GH
9
Pernem
K Keri
Seaside caves of Keri
NH
10
Pernem
Keri
Man-made bund from Keri
NH
11
Pernem
Palye
Vagh Colamb lake, Palye
NH
12
Pernem
Agarwada
Salt pans of Agarwada
NH
13
Pernem
Arambol
Bhasmacho dongar of Arambol
GH
14
Pernem
Corgao
Corgao's Pir Durgah with the sacred
tank
AH
15
Pernem
Corgao
Devasu Mosque
AH
16
Pernem
Portuguese era's Police Post at
Patradevi- Torxe and Galel - Banda
borders
AH
17
Pernem
Ibrampur
Sacred grove near Bharadi devi of
Hankhane
NH/ AH
18
Bardez
Anjuna
Chivarwada - Portuguese period
Stone inscription (Morkhachi fator),
worshipped as the Folk deity,
Fatreshwar
CH
19
Bardez
Mushirwada - Colval Location of
Buddha's sculpture find
AH
20
Bardez
Succoro
Newly found rock arts on the plateau
AH
21
Bardez
Thivim
First example of the river linking of
the Portuguese period
AH
22
Bardez
Kucheli
Kazreshwar grove
NH
23
Bardez
Verem
Reis Magos Church, Verem (1555)
24
Bardez
Colvale
St. Francis of Assisi Church, Colvale
(1591)
25
Bardez
Mapusa
St Jerome (Milagres) Church,
Mapusa (1594)
26
Bardez
Candolim
Our Lady of Hope, Candolim (1560)
27
Bardez
Calangute
St Alex Church, Calangute (1595)
28
Bardez
Nagoa
Holy Trinity Church, Nagoa, Bardez
(1560)
29
Bardez
Siolim
St. Anthony Church, Siolim (1568)
30
Bardez
Salvador do Mundo
Saviour of the World Church,
Salvador do Mundo, Bardez (1565)
31
Bardez
Aldona
St. Thomas the Apostle Church,
Aldona (1569)
32
Bardez
Nerul
Our Lady of Remedies, Nerul,
Bardez (1569)
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Bardez
Pomburpa
Mother of God Church, Pomburpa
(1590)
34
Bardez
Sibquerim
St. Lawrence Church, Sinquerim
(1688);
35
Bardez
Saligao
Mae de Deus Church, Saligao
(1873)
36
Bicholim
Mencure
Deserted two temples of Revoda -
Nadora with the specimen of the
Kaavi art lying in neglected
condition along with the old temple
of Vodli Mauli
AH
37
Bicholim
Latambarce
Vadaval- A sacred grove of
Siddhachi Rai with the biggest
known Shivling of Goa
AH
38
Bicholim
Latambarce
A flag post with the remnants of the
bygone days at Goa - Dodamarg
AH
39
Bicholim
Latambarce
Remnant of Davarane (Load rest )at
Goa - Dodamarg
AH
40
Bicholim
Nanoda
the stone sculpture of Narayan lying
inside the vegetation
AH
41
Bicholim
Mayem
Three rock cut caves from Divgali
AH
42
Bicholim
Mayem
A stone sculpture of elephant in
laterite stone at Vandyar
CH
43
Bicholim
Narve
Carved image of Ganapati and the
remnants of the sacred Ghat used for
the occasion of the annual fair of
Ashtamichi Jatra
AH
44
Bicholim
Narve
Masan devi temple with the stone
sculpture of the folk deity- Tiger and
the shrine of the Holy spirit with the
Kazro tree
CH
45
Bicholim
Narve
Ganapati Ghol near Shri
Shantadurga Pilarnekarin temple
AH
46
Bicholim
Bicholim town
Remnants of the Kadamba period
temple in Avachitwada, Bicholim
AH
47
Bicholim
Bicholim town
Stone inscription with the Gadhegal
in Borde
AH
48
Bicholim
Sarvan
Hero stone lying outside Panchayat
hall in Sarvan
AH
49
Bicholim
Sankhali town
A sculpture of the monk with the
umbrella over the head found in
Vazari
AH
50
Bicholim
Kudne
Four handed Ganapati sculpture in
Dingane
AH
51
Bicholim
Haturli
A man made rock cut cave,
adjoining the laterite linga like
structure
AH
52
Bicholim
Mulgao
Kshetrapalachi rai
CH
499
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Bicholim
Mulgao
Remnants of Ramnath temple in
laterite
AH
54
Bicholim
Bicholim town
Godkon, a sacred water pool
NH
55
Bicholim
Harvale, Village
Old temple of Mahadev
AH
56
Bicholim
Narve
Underground tunnel near
Saptakoteshwar temple
AH
57
Bicholim
Kudne -Dingane
Four handed Ganapati sculpture
AH
58
Bicholim
Karapur
Kolam tank
NH
59
Bicholim
Dhumase
Devache tole
NH
60
Bicholim
Vaiguinim
Lapadro grove
NH
61
Bicholim
Kudne
Sastar - Sluice gates
AH
62
Bicholim
Kudne
Shri Vallabhacharya Baithak
AH
63
Bicholim
Latambarce
Davarane -Dodamarg
AH
64
Bicholim
Surla
A sacred grove at Narayan Bhat
NH
65
Bicholim
Surla
Siyancho bund
AH
66
Bicholim
Cotambi
A sacred tank
NH
67
Bicholim
Sal
A sacred spring at Ghavanale
NH
68
Bicholim
Surla
A sacred grove at Narayan Bhat
NH
69
Bicholim
Naveli
Pavalar grove
NH
70
Bicholim
Surla
A sacred grove at Narayan Bhat
NH
71
Bicholim
Surla
Siyancho bund
AH
72
Bicholim
Cotambi
A sacred tank
NH
73
Bicholim
Sal
A sacred spring at Ghavanale
NH
74
Bicholim
Pilgao
Paaz in Gimone
AH
75
Bicholim
Vaiguinim
Lapadro grove
NH
76
Bicholim
Kudne
Sastar - Sluice gates
AH
77
Bicholim
Kudne
Shri Vallabhacharya Baithak
AH
78
Bicholim
Van
Nirankarachi Rai
NH
79
Bicholim
Maulinge
Ruin of the Portuguese outpost
AH
80
Bicholim
Latambarce
Remnants of the Ramghat in Ladfe
AH
81
Sattari
Brahma Karmali
Ajobachi Tali, sacred grove
showcasing the Myristica swamp
NH
82
Sattari
Brahma Karmali
Bibtyan, forest with the Myristica
swamp and unique vegetation
NH
83
Sattari
Brahma Karmali
Dudin Sado displaying numerous
cup marks on the laterite plateau
near Ajobachi Tali
AH
84
Sattari
Caranzol
Man-made single-cell rock-cut cave
at Patyar
AH
85
Sattari
Caranzol
Three memorials built of laterite
stones on the way to Cumthol
AH
500
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86
Sattari
Caranzol
One of the biggest panels of
Gajalaxmi at Sateli inside the jungle
AH
87
Sattari
Caranzol
Stone sculptures showing socio-
cultural heritage at Bondir
AH
88
Sattari
Caranzol
Yonipith with dwelling on the
historic Kelghat way to Khanapur
AH
89
Sattari
Caranzol
Movacho Guno on the right bank of
the Mhadei River
GH
90
Sattari
Cudshe
Biggest panel of Gajalaxmi on the
left side of the Mhadei River
displaying coconut palms
AH
91
Sattari
Cudshe
Stone sculptures known as
Hebarachi Pashana
AH
92
Sattari
Zarme
Sculptures of Sapta Matrikas and
other deities, and a stone depicting
horse sacrifice
AH
93
Sattari
Zarme
Wooden panels displaying socio-
cultural heritage of more than 500
years
CH
94
Sattari
Sonal
Rock-cut cave at Kaleran
AH
95
Sattari
Sonal
Three different rock-cut caves on
private property of late Jaisingrao
Rane
AH
96
Sattari
Sonal
Bonelkarache Pashan, a hero stone
showing camels, horses, elephants
with battle scenes
AH
97
Sattari
Sonal
Moryacho Guno, a natural boulder
inside the Mhadei River
NH
98
Sattari
Maloli
Sacred grove of Nirankarachi Rai
with Myristica swamp forest
NH
99
Sattari
Maloli
Stone sculptures near a shrine in the
sacred grove
AH
100
Sattari
Maloli
Portuguese period jail and police
post
AH
101
Sattari
Codal
Bhivago Guno
GH
102
Sattari
Codal
Mama-Bhachyacho Guno
GH
103
Sattari
Codal
Limestone natural cave
GH
104
Sattari
Satre
Satregad - A natural fort with stone
sculptures and a sacred grove with
remnants of old structures
AH
105
Sattari
Carvings of the Sun and Moon on
meta-basalt stones lying on the old
Chandsurya Ghatway
AH
106
Sattari
Derode
Sacred grove with stone sculptures
of the presiding deity Sateri-Kelbai
and other deities
AH
501
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Sattari
Nanoda
Sacred grove with Sateri-Kelbai and
other deities
AH
108
Sattari
Nanoda
Bhimache Paval, natural formation
like footprints and rock formations
inside the river
NH
109
Sattari
Bhuipal
The Kadamba period herostone at
Khetmache Galav
AH
110
Sattari
Bhuipal
Sati stone sculptures at various
locations
AH
111
Sattari
Pissurle
Stone sculpture of a female deity
inside Pezyali Devichi Rai
NH
112
Sattari
Pissurle
Stone sculpture of deity Mharingan
inside the sacred grove
AH
113
Sattari
Pissurle
Devalai natural cave with a Shivling
of more than a thousand years
AH
114
Sattari
Savarde
Numerous stone sculptures,
including the unique sculpture of
Ashtabhuja deity inside the country
canoe
AH
115
Sattari
Savarde
Mutilated sculptures along the
pradakshina path
AH
116
Sattari
Naneli
Various stone sculptures inside a
private farm at Rangache Mol
AH
117
Sattari
Nagve
Megalithic remnants
AH
118
Sattari
Nagve
Sacred grove with stone sculptures
of folk deities, Brahmani Maya,
Kelbai, and others
AH
119
Sattari
Guleli
Stone sculpture of a goddess inside a
boat in a neglected condition in a
horticultural field
AH
120
Sattari
Cotorem
Rock boulders displaying millions
of years of geological heritage on
the bank of the Mhadei
GH
121
Sattari
Malpan
Man-made rock-cut cave
AH
122
Sattari
Rive
Prehistoric stone tools in private
possession
AH
123
Sattari
Rive
Darvajo - natural rock formation
resembling doors
GH
124
Sattari
Rive
Parvyachi Ped - a spacious natural
cave sheltering wild animals
AH
125
Sattari
Naneli
Various stone sculptures inside a
private farm at Rangache Mol
AH
126
Sattari
Guleli
Stone sculpture of a goddess inside a
boat in a neglected condition in a
horticultural field
AH
127
Sattari
Khadki
Dwiling
AH
128
Sattari
Khadki
A shrine dedicated to Rajgo
CH
502
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Sattari
Karmali - Budruk
A shrine of Hulaneshwar with the
stone sculptures
AH
130
Sattari
Shelpe- Khurd
A sacred grove with the stone
sculptures of Brahmani Maya and
other deities
AH
131
Sattari
Kumbharkhan
Unique rocks locally known as
Mama- bhachyacho guno and
Zalmyacho guno
GH
132
Sattari
Kumbharkhan
Old site of ancestral house of
Deepaji Rane
AH
133
Sattari
Morle
Natural fort of Morlegad with the
cultural remnants
AH
134
Sattari
Dabos
A single cell rock cut cave
AH
135
Sattari
Ravan
A single cell rock cut cave
AH
136
Sattari
Ghoteli
A sacred grove with numerous stone
sculptures and remnants of the
temple
CH
137
Sattari
Desecrated stone sculptures from
Zadani and Pendral that are in
possession of Valpoi Police Station
AH
138
Sattari
Coparde
Devachi Rai, Sacred grove
NH/AH
139
Sattari
Shelop - Khurd
Devachi Rai
NH/ AH
140
Sattari
Savarde
Remains of Hebbarache ghar
AH
141
Sattari
Keri
Pishachi Rai
NH
142
Sattari
Morle
Basyachi toli- Deulwada
NH
143
Sattari
Morle
Chand Surya of Bagwada
AH
144
Sattari
Nagve
Remnants of old sculpture of female
deity from forest of Nagve
AH
145
Sattari
Mauxi
A Gajlaxmi panel near Ravalnath
temple
AH
146
Sattari
Mauxi
A sculpture of Betal with the
remnants of old temple at Sateri
temple
AH
147
Sattari
Dabe
A sacred grove with the stone
sculptures
NH/AH
148
Sattari
Codal
Devacho Hudo with stone sculptures
AH
149
Sattari
Vante
Devasu tole with Ficus nervosa tree
NH
150
Sattari
Advoi
A sacred grove
NH
151
Tiswadi
Chodan
Devagi - old ruin
AH
152
Tiswadi
Caramboli
Remains of old fort
AH
153
Tiswadi
Caramboli
Remains of Gorakhnath math
AH
154
Tiswadi
Carambolim
St. John the Baptist Church,
Carambolim (1541)
AH
155
Tiswadi
Neura
St. John the Evangelist Church,
Neura, Tiswadi (1541)
AH
503
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Tiswadi
Sao Pedro
St. Peter, Prince of Apostles Church,
Sao Pedro, Tiswadi (1543)
AH
157
Tiswadi
Taleigao
St. Michael Church, Taleigao,
Tiswadi (1544)
AH
158
Tiswadi
Gandaulim
St. Blaise Church, Gandaulim,
Tiswadi (1563)
AH
159
Tiswadi
Ribandar
Nossa Senhora da Ajuda, Ribandar
(1565)
AH
160
Tiswadi
St. Cruz
Holy Cross Church, St. Cruz (1565)
AH
161
Tiswadi
Agassaim
St. Lawrence Church, Agassaim
(1565)
AH
162
Tiswadi
St Estevao
St. Stephen Church, St Estevao
Island (1575)
AH
163
Tiswadi
Divar
St. Mathias the Apostle Church,
Malar, Divar (1590)
AH
164
Tiswadi
Corlim
St. John the Eloquent Church,
Corlim, Tiswadi (1595)
AH
165
Tiswadi
Panaji
Immaculate Conception Church,
Panaji (1600)
AH
166
Tiswadi
Chorao
Sao Bartholomeu Church, Chorao
Island (1569)
AH
167
Tiswadi
Diwar
Our Lady of Candelaria Chapel
AH
168
Tiswadi
Chapel of Jesus of Nazareth
AH
169
Ponda
Betki-Candola
Rock Cut Cave at Betki
AH
170
Ponda
Bhoma- Adcolna
Rock Cut Cave at Adkon
AH
171
Ponda
Bhoma- Adcolna
Small Rock cut cave at Adcolna
Village Road
AH
172
Ponda
Kundai
Rock Cut Cave at Kundai near
temple
AH
173
Ponda
Veling Priol
Cuncolim
Hero Stone in Kunkali
AH
174
Ponda
Marcaim
Hero Stones From Marcaim
AH
175
Ponda
Bandora
A group of Hero Stones in
Rainginim
AH
176
Ponda
Bandora
Hero Stones near Ground Bandora
AH
177
Ponda
Ponda City
Mardangad Fort
AH
178
Ponda
Khandepar
Sati Stone in Khandepar on the way
to Ishwarbhat caves
AH
179
Ponda
Khandepar
Codar Caves
AH
180
Ponda
Borim
Sculptures scattered on Siddhanat
Parvat
AH
181
Ponda
Kavale
Sculpture of Betal at Kapileshwari
AH
182
Dharbandora
rock cut cave in the jungle of the
village
AH
504
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Dharbandora
Sacorda
Khachkon - Remnants of the old
temple
with
the
sculpture
of
Ashtadikkpal
AH
184
Dharbandora
Sacorda
Herostone
AH
185
Dharbandora
Tambdi Surla
Taide - the known biggest sculpture
of Mahishasurmardini of Goa and
other deities
AH
186
Dharbandora
Tambdi Surla
Durgar: Remnants of the old temples
and sculptures
AH
187
Dharbandora
Tambdi Surla
Bodttar : Zalmyacho guno (CH) and
Telko guno
GH
188
Dharbandora
Caranzol
Devcharachi kond,a sacred water
pool
NH
189
Dharbandora
Caranzol
Devachi Rai, displaying heritage
assets of bygone era
NH
190
Dharbandora
Sangod
Ganapati sculpture
AH
191
Dharbandora
Shigao
Sacred Hedu tree
NH
192
Dharbandora
Pilaye
Ruin of old temple
AH
193
Dharbandora
Usgao
Dhanafator
GH
194
Dharbandora
Usgao
Ruin of old temple
AH
195
Dharbandora
Kaley
Vaghregal
AH
196
Salcete
Dabolim
Remains of the old temple
AH
197
Salcete
Verna
Source of the Sal river
NH
198
Salcete
Margao
Holy Spirit Church, Margao (1564)
AH
199
Salcete
Orlim
St. Michael the Archangel Church,
Orlim, Salcete (1568)
AH
200
Salcete
Verna
Holy Cross Church, Verna (1568)
AH
201
Salcete
Rachol
Our Lady of Snows Church, Rachol
(1576)
AH
202
Salcete
St. John the Baptist Church
AH
203
Salcete
St. Alex Church
AH
204
Salcete
Navelim
Our Lady of Rosary Church
AH
205
Salcete
Cansaulim
St. Thomas Church Cansaulim
(1581)
AH
206
Salcete
Loutolim
Saviour of the World Church,
Loutolim (1581)
AH
207
Salcete
Majorda
Mae de Deus Church, Majorda
(1588)
AH
208
Salcete
Cuncolim
Our Lady of Health, Cuncolim
(1600)
AH
209
Salcete
Chinchinnim
Our Lady of Hope, Chinchinnim
(1590)
AH
210
Quepem
Cacoda
A stone inscription of Goa Kadamba
period near the temple of Mahadev
AH
505
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Quepem
Cacoda
At Ramsar notified site lies a
geological rock formation known as
the Pandava Talop
NH
212
Quepem
Balli
Stone sculptures of Ganapati and
other deities
AH
213
Quepem
Balli
Davarane on the left side of Margao-
Canacona road
AH
214
Quepem
Balli
Khadde: Ruins of three old shrines
with the stone sculptures displaying
Jay - Vijay of the Pre- Portuguese
rule and a stone sculpture of folk
deity Vagro
AH
215
Quepem
Balli
A group of heros stones in the shrine
of Kunkeshwar at Shantadurga
Temple
AH
216
Quepem
Gokulde
Rock shelter showing rock art
AH
217
Quepem
Cavare
hero stone showcasing battle scene
for protection of cattle
AH
218
Quepem
Assolda
Hero- Sati Stone
AH
219
Quepem
Malcarne
Hero Stone from Deulamol
AH
220
Quepem
Soliye
Vaghrodev
AH
221
Quepem
Ambaulim
Vaghrodev
AH
222
Quepem
Cacoda
Pandava talop- lake
NH
223
Quepem
Cacoda
A sacred grove
NH
224
Sanguem
Uge
Tolle mine a man made laterite
stones arrangement locally known as
the Davarane infront of the temple
of Mahadev
AH
225
Sanguem
Netravali
Kurkut - showcases innumerable
sacred rock cut near old route
AH
226
Sanguem
Vargini - A pair of dilapidated
sculptures of Paik dev
AH
227
Sanguem
Chedye murum
AH
228
Sanguem
Zuna
Remnants of the historic Diggi Ghat
and protecting heritage of Zunagad
CH
229
Sanguem
Bhati
Myristica swamp of a) Barazan, b)
Suryagal c) Talaulim
NH/AH
230
Sanguem
Colomb
Sati Stone near School
AH
231
Sanguem
Netravali
Jaki Caves
AH
232
Sanguem
Curpem Cave
AH
233
Sanguem
Curdi Cave
AH
234
Sanguem
Cave near Selaulim Dam
AH
235
Sanguem
Neturli
Vargani Paik dev
AH
236
Sanguem
Naikini
Paikapann
NH/ AH
237
Sanguem
Kumbhari
Mallikarjun and other deities
AH
506
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Sanguem
Uguem
Ruins of old temples on the way to
Dighi ghat
AH
239
Sanguem
Zuna
Zunagad
NH
240
Sanguem
Verle
Bhuipann
NH/AH
241
Sanguem
Salgini
Pann, a sacred grove
NH
242
Sanguem
Sanguem town
Shrine of Sangameshwar
AH
243
Canacona
Gule
Gule fatar
NH
244
Canacona
Agonda
Barazan
NH
245
Canacona
Gaodongari
Baman budo vazar
NH
246
Canacona
Canacona town
Palole boulders
NH
247
Canacona
Shristhal
Zarmal rukh, more than century old
Tetramous nudiflora tree
NH
248
Canacona
Agonda
Five man made laterite stones
arrangement locally known as the
Davarane at four different sites
AH
249
Canacona
Gaodongari
Saturlichi Rai of Gaodongari
NH
250
Canacona
Cotigao
Stone seating arrangement in the
circular shaped formation
CH
251
Canacona
Cotigao
Sati Stone
AH
252
Canacona
Cotigao
A sacred water pool from Keri
NH
253
Canacona
Poingunim
Parshuram Temple
AH
254
Canacona
Loliem
Keshav Temple
AH
255
Canacona
Loliem
Memorial Stone in the vicinity of
Keshav Temple
AH
256
Canacona
Loliem
Damodar Temple
AH
257
Canacona
Loliem
Vishnu Temple
AH
258
Canacona
Loliem
Heros Stone in the Private property
of Isidor Fernandes
AH
259
Canacona
Loliem
Dakkhan Devata
AH
260
Canacona
Loliem
Nirakar Temple
AH
261
Canacona
Loliem
Aryadurga Temple
AH
262
Canacona
Loliem
Betal behind the Aryadurga Temple
AH
263
Canacona
Anjediv
Nossa Senhora das Brotas, Anjediv
Island (1506)
AH
264
Mormugao
Cortalim
St Philip and St. James the Apostles
Church, Cortalim (1566)
AH
265
Mormugao
Vadco da Gama
St. Andrew the Apostle Church,
Vadco da Gama (1570)
AH
Apart from the above list there are around 50 prehistoric sites which has been listed by Dr Luthar
Goudellar in his PhD thesis Archaeology of Goa: with special reference to Prehistoric cultures.
IV. ILLUSTRATIVE TALUKAWISELIST OF GOAN HERITAGE HOUSES
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Sr.
No.
Taluka
Area
Identity of the House
Tentative
Age
Status
Private / Govt
1
Pernem
Bakshi Bahadur Jivbadada
Kerkar House
Private
2
Pernem
Arabo
Arabo Desai House, Arabo,
Pernem (1600’s)
1600’s
Private
3
Pernem
Pernem
Palace of the Deshprabhu
Private
4
Bardez
Siolim
Souza Monteiro House
Private
5
Bardez
Candolim
Costa Frias House
Private
6
Bardez
Candolim
Abe Faria House, Candolim
1700’s
Govt.
7
Bardez
Salvador do
Mundo
Casa Guilherme Dias House
Private
8
Bardez
Salvador do
Mundo
Casa Mimi
Private
9
Bardez
Guirim
House at Guirim (stay of
Prince Afonso da Braganza)
Private
10
Bardez
Mapusa
House of the Conde de
Bardez, opp. old Camara
Private
11
Bardez
Mapusa
Camara de Bardez - Old
Mapusa Municipality
Govt.
12
Bardez
Mapusa
Bardez Communidade Admin
Office, Mapusa
Govt.
13
Bardez
Mapusa
Old St Mary’s School/ New
Mapusa Municipality
Govt.
14
Bicholim
Sanquelim
Rane Wada
Private
15
Bicholim
Lamgao
Lamgaonkar Desai Wada
1700’s
Private
16
Bicholim
Mulgao
Ancestral House of Gad
Families
Private
17
Bicholim
Bicholim
Shenoi Goembab House
Private
18
Bicholim
Vithalapur-
Karapur
Fatba Dubhashi ancestral
house presently owned by
Rajendra abd Sharad Borkar
Private
19
Bicholim
Vithalapur-
Karapur
Kalidas Dubhashi Ancestral
House
Private
20
Bicholim
Vithalapur-
Karapur
Mangurish Dubhashi
Ancestral House
Private
21
Bicholim
Vithalapur-
Karapur
Girish Dubhashi Ancestral
House
Private
22
Bicholim
Velguem
Prashant Dhond Ancestral
House
Private
23
Bicholim
Velguem
Amit Ghadi Ancestral House
Private
24
Bicholim
Velguem
Keshav GhadiAncestral
House
Private
Shankar
Ghadi
Ancestral
House
Private
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25
Sattari
Padoshe
Nadkarni House, Sattari
Private
26
Sattari
Brahmakarm
ali
Harvalkar House
Private
27
Sattari
Keri
Ancestral House of Raoji
Rane Sardesai
Private
28
Sattari
Keri
Ancestral House of Rane
Sardesai families
Private
29
Ponda
Bandora
Gaunekar House
Private
30
Ponda
Priol
Kelekar House
Private
31
Ponda
Priol
Khaunte House
Private
32
Ponda
Keri
Dada Vaidhya House
Private
33
Ponda
Kundai
Kundaikar House
Private
34
Ponda
Shiroda
Masao Hede
Private
35
Ponda
Usgao
Usgaonkar Family House
Private
36
Ponda
Savoi Verem
Suryarao Sardesai House
Early 1700’s
Private
37
Ponda
Savoi Verem
Pai Raikar Ancestral Home
Private
38
Ponda
Savoi Verem
Singbal Ancestral home
Private
39
Ponda
Khandepar
Khandeparkar House
Private
40
Ponda
Nageshi
Saundekar Palace
End 1700’s
Private
41
Ponda
Priol
Ancestral House of Desai
Private
42
Ponda
Opa
Ancestral House of Desai
Private
43
Tiswadi
Panaji
House of Camotim Mhamai
Private
44
Tiswadi
(City)
Vaglo Building/ Clube
Nacional
19th c.
Private
45
Tiswadi
Vaglo House DV Road
1930
Private
46
Tiswadi
Sakhardande House near
Temple
1901-20
Private
47
Tiswadi
Mandovi Traders House
1930
Private
48
Tiswadi
Carvalho Hse, nr Fidalgo
1880
Private
49
Tiswadi
Souza & Paul, MG Rd
1884
Private
50
Tiswadi
Panaji
Casa Dempo, MG Rd.,
Private
51
Tiswadi
(City)
O L of Piedade Complex
behind SBI Panaji Br.,
1850
Private
52
Tiswadi
Geeta Bakery Bldg
1920
Private
53
Tiswadi
Military 2STC HQ
1800
Govt.
54
Tiswadi
Alfandega or Old Custom
House
1826-35
Govt.
55
Tiswadi
Aykar Bhavan/ Old High
Court
19th c.
Govt.
56
Tiswadi
Santa Casa Misericordia, 18th
June Rd
1831
Govt.
57
Tiswadi
Ferreira Residence, Church
1789
Private
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square
58
Tiswadi
Progress High School, Jose
Falcao Rd.
1900
Private
59
Tiswadi
Kasturba
Matoshri
Kanya
shala
1940
Private
60
Tiswadi
Panaji
Coelho House, Altinho Road
Late 1800’s
Private
61
Tiswadi
(Altinho)
Vasco Alvares House, Altinho
Road
1910
Private
62
Tiswadi
Dr. Adelia
Costa
House,
Altinho Road
1910
Private
63
Tiswadi
Church-side Lodge, Corte d'
Oiteiro
1880
Private
64
Tiswadi
Casa Andrade/ old Parish Hse
Cortin
1890
Private
65
Tiswadi
Figuereido House, Altinho
Road
1910
Private
66
Tiswadi
Adv Vaz House, Altinho Road
1920
Private
67
Tiswadi
Liceu/
Old
High
Court
Buildings, Altinho
1851
Govt.
68
Tiswadi
P. J. Menezes House, Altinho
1920
Private
69
Tiswadi
Panaji
Hotel Republica, Bairro dos
Pilotos,
19th c.
Private
70
Tiswadi
(St Tome &
Ghanekar House, nr Tourist
Hostel
18th c.
Private
71
Tiswadi
Fontainhas)
Panaji Head G. P.O
1834
Govt.
72
Tiswadi
Casa da Moeda, Near GPO
1834
Private
73
Tiswadi
Houses in Sao Tome Ward &
Fontainhas
Conservation
Zone
End 1800’s
Private
74
Tiswadi
St Cruz
Dempo Niwas, Calapur
Private
75
(Panaji
Suburb)
Ribandar
Solar dos Colacos
Private
76
Tiswadi
Ribandar
Palacio de Conde de Ribandar
Private
77
Tiswadi
Sao Pedro
Solar Souto Maior, Sao Pedro
1640’s
Private
78
Salcete
Loutolim
Figuereido Museum
Private
79
Salcete
Curtorim
Agnelo Bhakarachem Ghor
Private
80
Salcete
Benaulim
Antao House
Private
81
Salcete
Varca
Rodrigues e Rebelo House
Private
82
Salcete
Assolna
Dr Juliao Menezes House
Private
83
Salcete
Loutolim
Casa Alvares
Private
84
Salcete
Margao
Eurico Silva House of Seven
Gables
Private
85
Salcete
Margao
Hospicio
Govt.
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86
Salcete
Borda,
Margao
House of Barreto Miranda
Private
87
Salcete
Kotan
Chandor
Sarah Fernandes House
Private
88
Salcete
Chandor
Menezes Braganza House
Private
89
Salcete
Chandor
Braganza Pereira House
Private
90
Salcete
Margao
Margao
Old
Municipality
Building
Private
91
Salcete
Colmorod,
Navelim
Dr Francisco Luis Gomes
House
Private
92
Salcete
Margao
Joao Agostinho
Fernandes
“Pai Tiatrist”
Private
93
Sanguem
Sanguem
Bendkar House
Private
94
Sanguem
Sanguem
Kossambe House
Private
95
Sanguem
Sanguem
Salelkar House
Private
96
Sanguem
Netravali
Prabhudesai Wada
Private
98
Quepem
Sanvordem
Sanvordekar Wada
Private
99
Quepem
Paroda
Khaprumam Parvatkar House
Private
100
Quepem
Quepem
Palacio de Deao
1780
Private
101
Dharbando
da
Could not identify
102
Canacona
Loliye
Boruskar house of
Borus,Loliye
Private
103
Canacona
Poinguinim
Vasant Khargalkar,Khargal,
Poiguinim
Private
104
Canacona
Loliye
Shastri 's house of Agas,
Loliye
Private
105
Canacona
Shristhal
Shirish Pai ' s
house,Mokhadd, Shristhal
Private
106
Canacona
Loliye
Vishwas Prabhudesai
house,Agas Loliye
Private
107
Canacona
Loliye
Gulab Prabhudesai
house,Agas Loliye
Private
108
Canacona
Poinguinim
Balaji Nayak,Sadolshe,
Poiguinim
Private
109
Canacona
Loliye
Durgesh Varik house,
Kazalker, Loliye
Private
110
Canacona
Poinguinim
Umanath Prabhugaonkar,
Magdal, Poiguinim
Private
111
Canacona
Loliye
Hemant
Prabhugaonkar,Mashe,
Loliye.
Private
112
Canacona
Poiguinim
Vishnu Phal desai, Velwada,
Poiguinim
Private
511
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113
Canacona
Khalvade
Bhanudas
N.Gaonkar,Khalvade
Private
114
Canacona
Khalvade
House of Khalwadekar
family,Khalvade
Private
115
Canacona
Agonda
Bhazare Naik
Gaonkar,Desaiwada, Agonda
Private
116
Canacona
Agonda
Manoj R.Desai, Guraval,
Agonda
Private
117
Canacona
Palole
Dr.Dhillon Desai, Palole
Private
118
Canacona
Palole
Dr.Ajit Nagarsekar, Palole
Private
119
Canacona
Poiguinim
Dina Poiguinikar, Poiguinim
Private
120
Canacona
Loliye.
Ashutosh Kamat,Galaye,
Loliye.
Private
121
Canacona
Shristhal
Shekhar Prabhu, Mokhadd,
Shristhal
Private
122
Mormugoa
Not fully surveyed
V. A LIST OF AUTHENTIC FOLK FORMS OF GOA BY TYPOLOGY
FOLK MUSIC
1. Suvari
2. Temple Music:
(i) Chowgudo/Chowghado
(ii) Isharat/Nabat/Naubat, Panchavadya
3. Church Music
(i) Dharmik Gitam
(ii) Ladainha
(iii) Carols
4. Gaun Kani
(i) Gudulya Gayan
(ii) Bandvad
(iii) Gosanyam Gayan
(iv) Malegan
(v) Gadyam Ramayan
(vi) Zado and Shilop
5. Oviyo
6. Vers
7. Vavra Gitam
8. Bhajan
9. Kirtan
10. Lallit
11. Ratib (Rafai Ratib)
12. Cantar
FOLK DANCE
13. Dhillo/Dinlo
14. Dhalo
15. Katiyo
16. Fugdi
17. Shigmo
18. Romat
19. Viramel
20. Chowrang-Tale
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21. Karulyo/Karavlyo
22. Talgadi and Tonayam Mel
23. Tonayam Khel
24. Goph
25. Divlyam Nach
26. Morulo/Morulem
27. Godemodni
28. Gajanritya/Dhangari Gaja
29. Veerbhadra
30. Mando
31. Dulpod
32. Dekhni
33. Cazra Nach
34. Intruz
35. Mussolam Khel
FOLK THEATRE
36. Perni Zagor
37. Gauda Zagor (Hindu)
38. Gauda Zgor (Christian)
39. Siolim Zagor
40. Ranmalem
41. Bharnool
42. Khel (Fell)
43. Shankhasur/Sankasura Kalo
44. Chikal Kalo
45. Shena Kalo
46. Dashavtari Natak
VI.
Traditional occupations of Goa as intangible heritage
List of 61 traditional occupations from the Goenche Daiz Scheme as published in the Goa Government
Gazette, series I, No. 32, pages 765-66 dated November 10, 2011:
1. Subsistence seasonal horticulture (Molekars)
2. Subsistence floriculture (Fulkars)
3. Subsistence fisheries (Ramponkars, Gabits, Pagi)
4. Pastoralism/herding cattle in pastures, ghee, butter production (Gouly/Dhangars, Gorva Rakhne)
5. Subsistence farmers (Shetkar/Shetkari)
6. River alluvium/silt based farmer (Purani Shetkar/Purankar)
7. Fish gear maker (Thakar)
8. Riverine fisheries (Kinvakars)
9. Carpentry (Chari, Sutar, Mestri, Panchal)
10. Pottery (Kumbhar, Shet, Shetkar)
11. Bamboocraft (Traditional Dalit (SC) occupation)
12. Grasswork (Utensils from grass fibers) (Tan Vinapi)
13. Bangle/Glass work (Kankankars)
14. Coppersmiths (Copper, bronze, brass works) (Kansar, Shinde, Rende)
15. Goldsmiths and gold artisans (Sonar)
16. Feni distillation (Bhatikars)
17. Cobblers (Shoe making, repairing) (Traditional occupation of SCs)
18. Broommakers (Saani/Khutaro Karpi)
19. Agricultural implements makers (Mest)
20. Oil extraction (Ghanekar, Teli)
21. Laundry (Madval)
22. Ironsmiths (Lohar, Mest)
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23. Bead, stone necklaces makers (Piddukkars, Vanjaris)
24. Wild honey extractors
25. Tuber farmers (Kanga Kadpi Shetkar)
26. Local chili farmers (Molekars)
27. Masons (Gavandy/Goundy)
28. Painters (Chitari)
29. Garland makers, floral decorators (Fulari)
30. Local sweet meat makers (Khazekars)
31. Local gram sellers (Chanekars)
32. Local pyrotechnicians/fireworks specialists (Foger, Fogeri)
33. Local bakers, confectioners (Poder)
34. Salt producers (Mithkar, Agarkar)
35. Needlecraft, embroidery makers (Suit-sut Shivan Karpi)
36. Coconut plucking (Padeli)
37. Plantation workers (Bhageli)
38. Lime makers (Chunekar)
39. Weaving (Vinkar)
40. Coconut toddy tapping (Render)
41. Beam makers (Vanshekars)
42. Tinners (Kalaikars)
43. Tailors, dress/costume makers (Dorji, Shimpi)
44. Barber (Mhalo)
45. Fruit pluckers other than coconut (Paddekars)
46. Coconut dehuskers (Solpi/Nall Solpi)
47. Coconut jaggery makers (Goddkar, Goodkann)
48. Coconut harvesters (Cameri)
49. Coconut husk rope (Razu) makers (Razukar)
50. Matted coconut leaves makers (Mollankar)
51. Catering of local food (Randpi)
52. Herbal medicine practitioners (Ghadi, Voiz/Vakhadakann)
53. Toy makers (Chitari)
54. Midwife (Suin)
55. Laterite stone dressers (Chiro Taspi)
56. Idol makers, sculptors (Murtikar)
57. Khazan bundh repairers (Bhomkar)
58. Canoe builders (Vodekar, Vode Karapi)
59. Bone setters (Haddancho Voiz)
60. Puffed rice makers (Chirmulyo, Fov Karpi/Kandpi)
61. Kirwant, Antyeshti Vidhi Karpi (Pedo)
VII.
Important references
Primary Legal and Policy Frameworks
Government of India. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. Ministry
of Law and Justice, Government of India.
Government of India. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change.
Government of Goa. Goa Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1978.
Department of Archives and Archaeology, Goa. [https://www.archaeology.goa.gov.in/]
Government of Goa. Goa Town and Country Planning Act, 1974. Department of Town and Country
Planning, Goa. [https://tcp.goa.gov.in/]
Government of Goa. Goa Municipalities Act, 1968. Department of Urban Development, Goa.
[https://www.urban.goa.gov.in/]
India's National Heritage Policies and Guidelines
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Ministry of Culture, Government of India. National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities, 2007.
[https://nmma.nic.in/]
Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Scheme for Financial Assistance for Preservation and
Development of Cultural Heritage, 2012. [https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/]
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Adopt a Heritage Scheme, 2017. [https://adoptaheritage.in/]
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Model Building Bye-Laws, 2016. [https://mohua.gov.in/]
National Museum Institute. National Conservation Policy for Museums, 2014. [https://nmi.gov.in/]
Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH). Guidelines for Heritage Management in
India, 2010. [https://www.intach.org/]
NITI
Aayog.
Report
on
Cultural
and
Natural
Heritage
Management
in
India,
2021.
[https://www.niti.gov.in/]
NITI
Aayog.
Sustainable
Development
and
Cultural
Heritage
Policy
Framework,
2022.
[https://www.niti.gov.in/]
ICOMOS Charters and Guidelines
ICOMOS. International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (Venice
Charter), 1964. [https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf]
ICOMOS.
Principles
for
the
Preservation
of
Historic
Timber
Structures,
1999.
[https://www.icomos.org/charters/timber_e.pdf]
ICOMOS. Principles for the Preservation and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, 1996.
[https://www.icomos.org/charters/earthen_e.pdf]
ICOMOS.
Charter
on
the
Built
Vernacular
Heritage,
1999.
[https://www.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_e.pdf]
ICOMOS. Charter on Cultural Routes, 2008. [https://www.icomos.org/charters/culturalroutes_e.pdf]
ICOMOS. International Cultural Tourism Charter, 1999. [https://www.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.pdf]
ICOMOS. Charter for the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 1996.
[https://www.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.pdf]
Peer-Reviewed Research Papers
Cultural Heritage and Climate Change: Exploring Resilience Strategies. Conservation and Management of
Archaeological Sites, vol. 24, no. 2, 2023, pp. 157-174. DOI:
10.1080/13505033.2023.2051274.
Technological Innovations in Heritage Conservation: A Review of 3D Printing Applications. Journal of
Cultural Heritage Management, vol. 18, no. 1, 2023, pp. 25-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchm.2023.102321.
Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Structures: Balancing Preservation and Modern Use.Built Heritage, vol. 19,
no. 3, 2022, pp. 200-220. DOI: 10.1186/s43238-022-00234-8.
Community Involvement in Heritage Preservation: Case Studies from South Asia.International Journal of
Heritage Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, 2023, pp. 120-140. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2074829.
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Sustainable Urban Heritage Management: A Framework for Integration.Heritage Science, vol. 10, 2022,
article 119. DOI: 10.1186/s40494-022-00645-2.
National and International Reports
Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, Archaeological Survey of India,
various years. [https://asi.nic.in/]
UNESCO.
World
Heritage
Reports
Series,
UNESCO
Publishing,
various
issues.
[https://whc.unesco.org/en/series/]
Tourism and Sustainable Development Studies
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism and Intangible Cultural Heritage, UNWTO, 2012.
[https://www.unwto.org/]
Technical and GIS-Based References
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC). Bhuvan: Geoportal of ISRO, Indian Space Research
Organisation, 2009. [https://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/]
Heritage Awards and Recognition Frameworks
Government of India. National Culture Fund, Ministry of Culture, Government of India, 1996.
[https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/national-culture-fund]
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www.goaprintingpress.gov.in
Published by the Director, Printing & Stationary,
Government Printing Press,
Mahatma Gandhi Road, Panaji-Goa 403 001.
Price—Rs. 100.00
PRINTED AT GOVERNMENT PRINTING PRESS, PANAJI-GOA—112/100-7/2025.