Syllabus for Competitive Examination to the Post of Associate Professor in the Government Law Colleges

© GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

2024

[Regd. No. TN/CCN/467/2012-14.

[R. Dis. No. 197/2009.

[Price: Rs. 5.60 Paise.

No. 392] CHENNAI, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2024 Karthigai 21, Kurothi, Thiruvalluvar Aandu-2055

Part II—Section 2

Notifications or Orders of interest to a Section of the public

issued by Secretariat Departments.

NOTIFICATIONS BY GOVERNMENT

LAW DEPARTMENT

SYLLABUS FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION TO THE POST OF ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN THE GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGES

[G.O.Ms. No.861, Law (LS), 6th December 2024, Karthigai 21, Kurothi, Thiruvalluvar Aandu-2055.]

No. II(2)/Law/1148(b)/2024.

BUISNESS LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. General Principles of the Law of Contracts including Electronic Contracts

Evolution, nature, essential ingredients and developments relating to contracts in the conventional and electronic mode – classification of contracts – offer – acceptance – communication – consideration – Privity of contract – free consent – Capacity – legality of object – public policy – wager and contingent contracts – blue pencil theory – doctrine of accord and satisfaction – standard forms of contract – performance, discharge of contract – breach of contract – quasi contacts – relief on breach – English law and Indian law similarities and differences.

Electronic contracts – digital developments – concept of originator – online platforms – communicative medias – internet protocol addresses – digital signature – legal implication of encryption – electronic records – e-tenders, e-transfers – inter payment service providers – debit and credit cards – online banking systems.

3. Insurance Law

Nature of insurance contract – kinds – proposal – policy – parties – considerations – law of contract and law of torts – constitutional perspectives – General principles of law of insurance – definition – nature and history, development

[ 1 ]

II-2 Ex. (392)2 TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY of concept of insurance – The Insurance Act, 1938 – The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 – Mutual insurance companies – double insurance – re-insurance – life insurance – motor insurance – marine insurance – insurance towards statutory liabilities – Property insurance – Insurance against third party risks – group insurance – medical insurance – insurance towards good carriages – special insurance policies.

4. Special Contracts including banking and negotiable instruments

Contract of bailment, agency, guarantee, indemnity, sale of goods – hire purchase – hypothecation – consumer protection and redressal.

Evolution and development of banking – kinds, functions – growth information technology and banking sector – multi functional banks – investment banking – merchant banking – banking ombudsman.

Nationalisation – disinvestment – protection of depositors – priority lending – micro credit.

Reserve Bank of India – powers and functions, control over banking and non-banking companies – bankers duties to customers – kinds of account – rights and liabilities of bank and customers – lending principles – securities – loans – recovery – tribunal – special legislative measures.

Negotiable instruments – meaning – kinds – transfers – parties – their liabilities – dispute – penal offence – civil and criminal remedies.

Technological developments – payment gate ways – online or net banking issues and challenges.

5. Corporate Governance and Corporate Finance

Origin and History of Corporate Governance – Principles of corporate governance – Theories of corporate governance – corporate securities – Shares – Debentures – Other Stakeholders role, rights and responsibilities – directors and key managerial personnel – audit and investor protection – transparency, disclosures and communication – protection of creditors – Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility – legal frame work of corporate governance in India – Securities and Exchange Board of India – Foreign Direct Investment and Non-Resident Indian Investments – Foreign Financial Institutional Investments – corporate fund raising – Protection of investors – Conservation of corporate finance – Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 – technology in banking system and financial enterprises in India.

6. Export and Import Regulations

State control over import and export of goods – Exim Policy changing dimensions – changes in international economic patter – basics of export and import trade – Evolution of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) as a trading institution and transition of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to World Trade Organization – International Trade – Instruments of International Trade Laws – Agreements, Treaties, Conventions, Model Laws, Rules – Indian Foreign Trade Policy – permissible and quarantine regulations – quota restriction and anti-dumping – Law relating to customs and excise – Regulations on investments – foreign goods carriages and transfers – Technology transfers.

7. Legal Regulation of economic enterprises

Constitutional perspectives – new economic policy – industrial policy – Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises – corporate sector changing context – fairness in competition – development and regulation of industries – Sick industries – Issues regarding capital and investments – control and accountability, regulation of hazardous activity – Public enterprise – market regulation – essential commodities – legal regulations of multi – national companies – Foreign Direct Investment and Non-Resident Indian Investments – Competition law – Competition Commission of India – commercial disputes – settlement of disputes.

8. Law of industrial and intellectual Property

Intellectual Property Rights and international perspectives – trademarks – legal regime of unfair trade practices and Intellectual Industrial Property – Patent search, examination and records – Biotechnology patents – copyrights – industrial designs – Geographical indications – plant variety protection – pharmaceutical patents – trade secrets and confidential information – issues and challenges in the infringements – Intellectual Property Rights and human rights – legal developments and judicial pronouncements – global trends and developments.

CRIMINAL LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Contemporary and Applied Approach to Criminal Justice System

Meaning, Nature, Scope – Characteristic features of crime – Essential elements of crime – Classification of Crime – Theories of crime – Factors or Causations leading to crime – Reactions to crime – Prevention of crime – Principles of criminal law – Criminal law and its role – Philosophy of Criminal Justice System – Criminal Justice system – Its components and functions – Investigative agency – Prosecution – Defense Counsel – Courts – Powers and Duties – Constitution of Criminal Courts – Police Administration in Criminal Justice System – sentencing policies and law – Penology with punishments and prison reforms – Victimology, Victim and Victimisation – Restorative Justice Processing Contemporary Criminal Justice.

3. Law Relating to Drugs And Enforcement Agencies

Drugs – Narcotics – Psychotropic substances – Drug Dependence and Addiction – Primary drug abuse – Trafficking in drugs – Drug addiction as a victimless crime – Drug related crimes – characteristics of Drug Users – Drugs: Their use and effects.

Historical development of International Law on drug control – Transnational Crime Convention – International Narcotics Control Board – South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation Convention on drug policies – bilateral agreement on anti – narcotic cooperation – World Heath Organization – Health of the Victims – Drug Control Policy – Indian Regulatory System – United Nation and Human Rights – Enforcement Mechanism – drug Victimology and Social Justice – Drug Trafficking and Narco Terrorism – Sustainable Solutions for Drugs Prevention – National Action plan – Social Impact – Role of Community – Regulatory Systems – Law Reform Initiatives – Judicial approaches to sentencing in drug related cases.

4. Law and Policy on Organized Crimes

Organized Crime, Definition and scope of organized crime – Types, characteristics, causes of organized crime – Comparison between white collar crime, corporate crime, and organized crime – Categories of Organized Crime – Scope of Organized Crime in India – Legal Analysis, Investigation and Prosecution of Organized Crime – Organized Crime, Threat to National Security and Preventive Action – profiles of Organised Criminal Gangs – Organized Crime in Transnational Jurisdiction Notorious Organized Crime in Global Parameter.

5. Law of Victimology and Human Rights – Juristic Perspective

Historical background, Meaning and Scope of victimology – Typology of victims – Categorization of victims – Theories of victimology – Victimization Process – Relationship between criminology, penology and victimology Contributions of the Victims' Rights Movement – Victims and Criminal Justice System – Penal Laws and Victims of Crime – International and National Developments in Victimology – Contemporary Issues in Victimology – Consequences of Victimization – Rights and Remedies for Victims of Crime – Restitution and Rehabilitation of Victims of Crime – Recognizing Human Rights of the Victims of Crime.

6. Comparative Jurisprudence of Criminal Justice System

Meaning and significance of comparative Criminal Justice System – components – Impact of international criminal justice on comparative Criminal Justice – Histories and Functions of Comparative Criminal Law – Comparative Jurisprudence on Jurisdiction, Punishment Theory – Sentencing Jurisprudence – Victims – Adversarial or Accusatorial and Inquisitorial Systems – Crime Control Model and Due Process Model – Indian system of Justice Administration and its challenges – Pretrial and Trial Processes – Sentence Process – Role of various forms of evidence in Criminal Justice System.

7. Law and Policy of Criminalistic and Scientific Investigation

Forensic Science and Crime Scene Management – Forensic Science Unit – Tools and techniques in Forensic Science – Jurisprudence of Forensic Evidence and Constitutional Challenges – Human Rights and Comparative Forensic Analysis – Forensic Dermatoglyphics and other impressions – Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology – Document Examination – Handwriting and Signature examination – Forensic Anthropology – Forensic Biology and DNA Profiling – Forensic Medicine and Psychology – Digital Forensic and Cyber Crime.

8. Cyber Crime and Forensic in Cyber Space

Networking Architecture – Networking Technologies – Networking Topologies – Network Protocols – Data Link Layer – Network Layer Protocols – Transport Layer – Security Mechanisms in Networking Layers – Cyber Space, Cyber Laws and Cyber Crime, Cyber Security – Cyber crime present and the future – Cyber war – Cyber Forensic Investigation – Digital Evidence – Law Enforcement – Prosecutions – comparative analysis.

9. Economic offences, Privileged class deviance

Economic offences – Concept of white-collar crimes – offences relating to class deviance, police deviance – professional deviance -Prevention and control of Economic crime – comparative Analysis – Bank Frauds – Debit and Credit4 TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY Card Fraud – Frauds in Insurance Sector – Securities and Capital Markets – Legal Processes and Regulatory Frame work for Economic Crimes.

10. Juvenile delinquency

Basic Concepts – determining factors of juvenile delinquency – Preventive strategies – legislative measures – implementation issues and challenges – Judicial contributions – socio economic factors of juvenile delinquency.

PROPERTY LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Basic idea of property

Definition, essentials and subject matter of property, ownership – kinds of property – Theories of Property and Ownership – Traditional concepts of property and ownership – modern concepts of property and ownership – possession and ownership of property – rights of owner – mode of acquiring and kinds of ownership – possession essentials, modes of transfer of possession – kinds of possession – distinction between ownership and possession.

3. Property under the Indian Constitution

Property relations in independent India – property in relation to the constitution of India and its legal implications – Right to property – fundamental right – constitutional right- legal right.

4. Transfer of Property

Immovable property – General principles of transfer of property – English Law – Indian Law – absolute transfers and conditional transfers – Sale – agreement to sale – Mortgages – will – gift – lease – other forms of transfers – Doctrines on transfer of property developments by Judicial pronouncements.

5. Easements

Easements, meaning, kinds – restrictive easements – incidents of easements – imposition, acquisition and transfer of easements – disturbance of easements – extinction, expansion and revival of easements – license, meaning, grant and cancellation – Equitable doctrines affecting easements – The Indian Easements Act, 1882 – developments by Judicial pronouncements.

6. Law of Trusts

Concept of charity in English law, Hindu law and Mohammadan law – Constitution of charitable endowments, rights, duties of debutter, shebaitship – Management of debutter, shebaitship and its legal character and incidents – administration of charitable endowments – fundamental ideas underlying religious and charitable trust and endownments.

General views of trust – classification – creation of private trust, public trust – constitution – conditions for validity – administration – trustees – appointment – retirement – rights and duties, powers of trustees – beneficiaries – rights, duties and powers of beneficiaries – Judicial supervision – Religious and charitable purposes – breaches – remedies – Supervision and administration by the state – state control - judicial control.

Wakfs – formation – administration – mutawalli – appointment – functions and powers – wakf boards – state control- judicial control.

Hindu religious and charitable endowments – formation – administration – essentials – objects – state control - judicial control.

7. Land reforms Laws and Leases

Historical background on the legislation of laws relating to land reforms – movements and uprisings – ryotwari, inam and zamindari settlements – land revenue system – traditional and modern.

Land acquisition – concepts – scope and object – Doctrines – legislations – notifications – administrative and executive roles – challenges – jurisdictions – public utility purpose – private economic purpose – Prohibition of transfer, forfeiture and special powers – Compensation – role of judiciary.

Estate abolition – inam land abolition – land ceiling laws – related laws – notifications – role of government and judiciary.

Tenancy – cultivating lands – residential and commercial properties – Concepts on tenancy – rent – fair rent – fixation – recovery – default - regulations – registration – permissible limits – related laws – judicial pronouncements.

8. Law of succession

Institution of testamentary disposition and its social utility – personal laws – concept of gift and its kinds, mode, restrictions – intestate and testamentary successions – Hindu law of Succession – Mohammedan law of succession – under the Indian succession Act, 1925 – Legislative interventions and Judicial Pronouncements.

9. Intellectual Property rights

Concept of Intellectual Property Rights – Trade Related Aspects of Intellectural Property Rights Agreement – Laws relating to Intellectual Property Rights – Patents – Copy rights – Designs – trademarks – Geographical indications – Rights and ownership of Intellectual Property Rights – Laws regulating the Intellectual Property Rights – Developments by Judiciary.

LABOUR LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Doctrinal and Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law and Justice, dispute settlement mechanism.

2. Basic Principles of Industrial Jurisprudence

Industrial Revolution – Evolution of the concept of master and servant relationship meaning and significance of Industrial Jurisprudence – Theories of Labour Jurisprudence – Evolution of Labour rights – International Labour Organization and International Labour standards.

Genesis of International Labour Organization – Factors responsible for establishment of International Labour Organization – Aims, Objectives and Development and Dimensions – Tripartism Organs of International Labour Organization their composition, functions – Human Rights, Social Welfare State, Globalization, Economy, Social Justice, Natural Justice, Stake holders – International Labour Organization Conventions and Recommendations – Adoption, Ratification and Enforcement – Obligation of Members.

India in International Labour Organization – Procedure of ratification of Conventions – Tripartite consultations – International Labour Organization Standards and Indian response – Tripartite Mechanism and workers participation – State regulation of employer – employee relationship – International Organizations – State commitments – Influence of change in international economic patterns – Industrial Peace and Harmony – Social Security – Social Assurance – Social Insurance – Social Commitments – Concept of Wages – Wage Theories – Recommendations of labour commissions – Doctrines and concepts developed by judiciary – International commitments – Impact of industrial relations due to growth of information and technology – Various Labour Codes 2019 and 2020.

3. Law Relating to Industrial Relations

Industrial Relation – Perspectives and Foundations – State Regulation of Employer – Employee Relationship – Constitutional Goals Protecting Capital and Labour – International Standards on Industrial Relations.

Concept of Industry – Industrial Disputes – Collective and individual disputes – Workman – Strike and Lock Out – Employer and Employees rights: Layoff – Retrenchment and Closure in industry – Transfer of undertaking – Legal Control of lay-off retrenchment and closure – Unfair labour Practices – protected workmen – Approval – Change in service conditions – Penal Provisions – Industrial disputes settlement mechanisms and various authorities, their role, power and jurisdiction – Role, Control, intervention by government, limits, discretions, judicial review – Developments by judicial pronouncements – Finality of decision – constitutional remedies – other legal remedies – Collective Bargaining Mechanism.

Terms and employment – Service conditions of labour – standing orders – certification procedures, authorities, Powers – dispute settlements – Disciplinary action – misconducts – Procedures – Punishments – Dismissal – Discharge – Termination – Judicial Interventions – Judicial Review of the Reference Power and Adjudicatory Process: Writs and Appeal.

Historical Background of Trade Unionism and Trade Union Movement – Legal Frame work on Trade Union – Registration and Recognition of Trade Union and its legal rights – Global Commercial Impact on Trade Unionism – Issues and Challenges on trade unionism – Judicial Approach on Trade Unionism.

Recent development in Industrial Relation laws – Impact of International covenants, International Labour Organization, regional conventions, practices on Industrial Relations and Trade Union – Comparative study United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

4. Law relating to Social Security and Labour Welfare

Concept of Social security, labour welfare – Evolution, Characteristics, Constituents, Objectives – constitutional perspectives – Contribution of Judiciary on Social Security, labour welfare – International Standards – international conventions, recommendation and Commitments – Social security and welfare legislations, governmental policies, enforcement and developments.

Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Occupational Safety and Health – Occupational Hazard and Risks – Consequences – International Labour Standards on Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions – Constitutional Framework of Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions.

Industrial accidents – Arising Out of and in the Course of Employment – Doctrine of Notional Extension – Occupational Diseases – The Employees' Compensation Act, 1923 – Scope, Objects, Coverage and Definitions, benefits, Interest and Penalty – Liability and Determination and Distribution of Compensation – Powers and Functions of the authorities.

Law on Social Insurance – The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 – Objects, applications – Definitions – Employees' State Insurance Corporation, authorities, powers and functions – Employees' State Insurance Fund, Contributions and Benefits – Claims and Disputes, Penalties, adjudication, appeals, enforcement.

Maternity related benefits and safeguards – The Maternity Benefit Act,1961 – Object, Application and Definitions – Eligibility – Maternity Benefit and Other Benefits – Notice of Claim – Prohibition against Dismissal – Powers and Duties of Inspectors.

Retirement Benefit – payment of gratuity – Background, Object and scope, legislations – statutory right – Eligibility – Rate of Gratuity – Forfeiture – Determination of Gratuity – Recovery of Gratuity – dispute – adjudication – appeal – Controlling Authority – Offences and Penalties.

The Employee's Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 – Scope, Coverage, Applications and Definitions – Schemes – Authorities to Administer the Fund – Contributions – default in payment of contributions – Authorities to determine and Recover Money Due from Employer – Employees' Provident Fund Appellate Tribunal – Offences and Penalties.

Factory – Shops and Establishments – Commercial establishments – Catering Establishments – Other establishments – welfare legislations – workplace safety – welfare and health provisions – regulations of working hours – shifts – inspectors and other enforcement authorities, powers, functions, penal provisions, adjudication – compulsory licensing – special provisions for women and children – Provisions Relating to Health, Safety and Welfare – Special Provisions Relating to Hazardous Processes – Annual Leave with Wages – Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions for Workers in Mines – Construction Workers and Regulation of Conditions of Employment.

Prohibition of Child labour – Prohibition of Bonded labour – Prevention of sexual harassment in work place – Migrant workers and their welfare

Recent development in Social Security and labour welfare laws – Impact of International covenants, Regional Conventions, practices on Social Security and Labour Welfare – Comparative study United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

5. Law relating to Wages

International Standards on wage – international conventions, recommendation and Commitments – wage legislations, governmental policies, enforcement and developments – Constitutional Perspectives on Wages – Directive Principles of State Policy and Wage policy – Constitutional ideals – Right to equal pay for equal work – Legal and Judicial Perspective General Principles on Concept of Wage – Wage Theories – Kinds of Wage – Concept of bonus – Theories of bonus – Bonus formula – Wage Determination

Legal Frame work on Law relating to wages in India – Constitutionality – Minimum wage protection and responsibility of State, Fixation and revision of Minimum wage and it's enforcement – inspectors and other enforcement authorities, powers, functions, penal provisions, adjudication

Legal Frame work on Payment of Wages – Constitutionality – Payment of wages – Wage period – Delay and deductions – inspectors and other enforcement authorities, powers, functions, penal provisions, adjudication Legal frame work on Payment of Bonus and other benefits – Classification of Bonus – Full Bench Formula – Doctrine of set off and set on – Ex-gratia payment and Payment of Bonus – Disputes – Settlement of disputes – inspectors and other enforcement authorities, powers, functions, penal provisions, adjudicationTAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY 7 Principles of Wage Differential – Procedure and Process – Wage Structure – Problems and Perspectives – Inter- industry, intra-industry and regional factors – Wage Policy : Extent, Nature and Scope – National Wage Policy : Problem and Perspectives – National wage policy and its approaches – Problems of mixed economy and Wage Policy in India – International Perspective on Wage law and policy – International Standardization of wages – Role of International Labour Organization: conventions and recommendations relating to wages – Comparative study on wage structure in United States of America, United Kingdom and India.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Origin and Development of Administrative Law

Origin, growth and Fundamentals of Administrative law – Nature, meaning, scope and evolution in various systems of governance from ancient to modern – Constitutional dimensions of administrative law – Relationship between constitutional and administrative law – Meaning, Nature and Scope – Origin and Development of Administrative Law in France, United Kingdom, United States of America and India – Droit Administratif – Reasons for Growth of Administrative Law – Sources of Administrative Law – Relationship between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law.

3. Administrative Law and Constitutional Concepts

Doctrine of Separation of Powers – Comparative study – England, United States of America, France and India from Rigidity to Flexibility – Constitutional status of separation of powers in India – Judicial Opinion – Principles of Checks and Balances – Latimer House Principles – Judicial Functions of Administration.

Rule of Law – Changing dimensions – Regulation of Administrative process – Principles of 'Rule of law' and Economic Liberalism – Democracy and rule of law – Dicey's formulation of Rule of Law – Rule of Law vis-à-vis Administrative Law – Rule of Law in United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

4. Delegated Legislation

Delegated legislation – definition, meaning, scope, Reasons for growth of Delegated Legislation – Constitutionality of Delegated Legislation – types and forms of Delegated Legislation – Conditional Legislation- Sub-Delegation – permissible and impermissible delegation – Controls over Delegated Legislation – Legislative Control – Judicial Control – Procedural Control.

5. Administrative Discretion

Administrative Discretion – Structuring and Limitation – Meaning and Nature of Administrative Discretion – Need for Discretionary Powers – Reasons for growth of Discretionary Powers – Impact of Technological Development – Administrative discretion in general administrative orders – Administrative discretion and personal liberties – Administrative Discretion and Land Acquisition – Administrative Discretion and Personnel Management – Administrative Discretion and Licensing – Ground and Extent of Judicial review – Fundamental Rights and Administrative Discretion – Administrative Discretion and Article 14.

Administrative Process – Constitutional Standards – Natural Justice and duty to act fairly – Bias and Personal Interest – Fair Hearing – Procedural fairness – Doctrine of Legitimate Expectation and its constitutional limitations and dimensions – Administrative Direction – Identification – Nature of enforceability.

6. Liability of state

Liability of State in Torts – Principle of Constitutional Torts – Sovereign immunity – Sovereign and non – Sovereign function – Tortious Liability in United Kingdom, and United States of America.

Liability of the State in Contract – Article 299 and Doctrine of Unjust Enrichment – Contractual Liability and Writ Jurisdiction

Personal accountability and compensatory jurisprudence vis – a – vis right to life – Government Privileges in Legal Proceedings

Privilege against Disclosure – Concept of Privilege against disclosure – Privilege to With – hold Documents – Position in United Kingdom, United States of America and India – Right to information – Official secrecy – Executive privilege – Security of state and control on information – Judicial review.

Promissory Estoppel – Concept, Meaning and Evolution – Constitutional Dimensions of Promissory estoppel – Position in United Kingdom and India – Estoppel against Statute – Estoppel and Fraud on Constitution – Estoppel and Public Interest – Estoppel and Public Policy.

Doctrine of Legitimate expectation – Position in United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

7. Controls on Mal – Administration

Ombudsman – Meaning, Object and Main Characteristics – Need and Utility – Origin and Development – Ombudsman in India – Lok Pal and Lok Ayukta – Commission of Inquiry – Vigilance Commission – Inquiries by Legislative Committees – Judicial inquiries – Comparative perspective – Scandinavian Countries, United Kingdom, New Zealand and India.

8. Judicial review of administrative action

Judicial Review – origin – Meaning, Scope, Significance of concept of Judicial Review – Evolution of Concept of judicial review in Common law countries and French system – Judicial review in India – Grounds of challenge on administrative action – Constitutional and Statutory or legal Remedies against Administrative action – Limits of judicial review and public interest litigation – Constitutional framework for Judicial Review of administrative actions in India – Limits of Judicial Review – Locus Standi and Public Interest Litigation – Laches and Res Judicata – Doctrine of exhaustion of alternative remedies – Doctrine of Standing and Doctrine of Ripeness – Doctrine of estoppels and waiver – Judicial Activism in the realm of public and private law – Comparative study on concept of Judicial Review in United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

9. Public Corporations

Meaning – definition – Scope – functions – different controls on public corporation.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Constitutionalism: Concept and Practices

Constitutionalism – Forms of Constitutionalism – Classical, Contemporary, Modern, Liberal, Political and New Constitutionalism – Historical evolution of Constitutionalism – Natural Law Theory and Modern Constitutionalism – Types of Government – Limitations on the Government – Social Contract Theory, Separation of Powers, Rule of Law, Procedure established by Law, Due Process of Law and principles of constitutionalism – Transformative Constitutionalism – Collaborative Constitutionalism – Constitutional Morality – The role of Legislature, Civil Society and Judiciary in the transformation process – Revisiting the Ancient Political thought on Constitutionalism – Constitutional History in Post British India – The Enactment of Indian Constitution – The Constituent Assembly Debates for the incorporation of Fundamental rights and Directive Principles of State Policy – Pluralistic society – Indian Nationalism .

Conceptual position of Federalism – Different forms of Governments – Unitary, Federal and Confederation – Cooperative Federalism – Nature of the Indian Constitution – Historical evolution of the federal features in India – Philosophy of the Indian Constitution – Relationship between centre, state and local self-government – Nature of Indian Federalism – Dominant features of the Union over the States – Judicial Perspective over the Indian Federalism.

Pluralism – Pluralistic society – ethnic, linguistic, cultural, political pluralism – rights – Uniform civil code – equality in plural society – International concerns.

3. Constitutional Rights and Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy

Preamble – Basic Structure Doctrine – Organs of the Government – Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties – Concept and Evolution – Fundamental Rights and its Relation with Natural Rights – Enforcement and Justifiability of Fundamental Rights – Limitations, Suspension and Amendment of Fundamental Rights – Remedies against Violation or Threat of Violation of Fundamental Rights.

Forms of Fundamental Rights – Definition of 'State' – dimensions of the definition of State -Fundamental Rights and Judicial Review – Waiver of Fundamental Rights – Doctrine of Eclipse, Doctrine of Severability – Right to Equality: Reasonable Classification, Wednesbury's Principle, Legitimate expectation, Doctrine of proportionality, Right to Equality – Protective discrimination,Equality of Opportunity in public employment.

Right to freedoms and Reasonable restrictions – Press or media law and fundamental rights – Constitutional and Legal Framework – Different facets of Right to Life and Personal Liberty: Changing dimensions of Right to Privacy – Freedom of Religion and Secularism – Saving of certain Laws and Ninth Schedule – Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Significance of Directive Principles of State Policy – Concept of Social, Economic and Political Justice – Development, Importance and their Unenforceability – Interrelationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles – Role of Judiciary in Implementation of Directives Use of Directive Principles of State Policy and International Instruments in Interpreting fundamental rights.

Object and Importance of Fundamental Duties – Enforcement – Amendments to Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties.

4. Centre State Relations and Local Self Government

Distribution of Legislative Powers, Administrative Powers and Fiscal Powers – Scheme of Legislative relations, Administrative relations and the Financial relations – Judicial approach and the present position – Doctrines – VII Schedule – Centre State Administrative Coordination – Adjudication of Disputes relating to resource sharing under the Constitution, Inter Government Tax Immunities – Funds – Borrowing Powers, Emergency Provisions in the constitution – Latest Amendments centre, state relationships – Judicial Pronouncements in settling the inter-states and centre-state disputes.

All India Services, Union Public Service Commission, Finance Commission, Planning Commission or NITI AYOG, Inter State Council, Zonal Councils, National Development Council and Reports of the Various Commissions.

Historical Perspective, Evolution, Gandhian Concept, Committee Reports, Constitutional Status,73rd Amendment and 74th Amendment, 11th and 12th Schedule – Legislative Powers, Quasi Legislative Powers, Financial Powers, Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Powers – Election to Local Bodies – Conduct of meetings – Functioning of Urban and Rural Local Self Governance.

5. Public Utilities

Public utilities – Government Monopolies – Legislative patterns of Public Utilities – Decision making – application of fundamental rights and Article 311 to it's employees – liabilities and special privileges – Law of contract, Consumer protection and Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act – Procedural fairness and Public Utilities.

6. Comparative Constitutional Law

Fundamental principles of comparative constitutionalism – Forms of Government – Supremacy of Legislature in Law Making – Rule of Law – Separation of Powers and Doctrine of Checks and Balance – Executive and the cabinet powers and functions of the President, Queen, Federal Council in Swizz and France – Law making process, systems powers and functions of Judiciary, union state relations in United States of America, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, Canada, Switzerland and India – inter-state and commerce in Australia and Canada – National Emergency Powers under the constitution of United Kingdom, United States of America,France and India – European Union and overview of its impact on its member states – Constitutional Borrowings – Legal Transplantation – Migration of Constitutional Ideas.

INTERNATIONAL LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Concepts, Origin and Development of International Law

International Law – Definition – understanding from philosophical, political, ideological, cultural and cross – cultural approaches – Conceptualizing Nation, State and Doctrine of Sovereignty – Nature, Basis and Scope through historical developments and Jurisprudential theories – Multifaceted Global Perspectives – Codification and Progressive Development – Sources of International Law – Relationship Between International Law and Municipal Law -Subjects of International Law and Recognition – Reconciling International and Municipal law – Theoretical Perspectives – State practices United Kingdom, United States of America and India.

Essentials of Statehood – Lifting the State veil – Individual as Subject – Influence of Human Rights law – International Criminal Responsibility – International organizations and Non – State actors as subjects of International law – State – Recognition as a basis for international personality – Principles and Problems – Legal nature – Duty to recognize, Principle of Effectiveness and Statehood – Theories of Recognition – Recognition of Governments – Belligerency and insurgency – Legal effects of Recognition and Non-Recognition – State Territory – Acquisition and loss related issues – Air and Space10 TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY Law – Theories and Conventions on Aerial Navigation – Exploration of Outer Space and Regulations through Outer Space Treaty – Law of Sea – Introduction – Maritime Delimitations – International Sea Bed Authority – International Tribunal for Law of Sea.

State Jurisdiction – Prescriptive and Enforcement Jurisdiction – Theoretical bases for Jurisdiction – Jurisdictional immunities – State Responsibility as Obligations Erga Omnes – Notion of Imputability or Attribution to State – Breach of an International legal obligation – Draft articles of International Law Commission – Liability for Lawful Acts – Circumstances excluding Wrongful Conduct of State – Legal Consequences of an Internationally Wrongful Act – Invocation of State Responsibility as part of Human Rights Standards – State Responsibility for Genocide, Environmental sustenance, Contracts and investments.

State Succession – Importance of Succession in contemporary era of Secession and self – determination – Types – Universal and Partial Succession – Negative Theory and Benefit theories – Principle of Continuity of States – Rights and Duties of States – Discontinuity – Historical precedents and Case Studies – Reunification of Germany, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Russia as Case study.

Law of Extradition – Meaning and Basis – Historical perspectives and Phases of Evolution – New Dimensions of Extradition law from Human Rights Perspective Asylum as a reflection of humanitarian considerations and individual freedom – Kinds of Asylum – Nationality and Dual Nationality – Preview from Doctrine Effective – Nationality – Refugees – Principle of Non-Refoulement – Statelessness as Enigma of international community.

Humanitarian Law – Context and Historical background from Global perspectives and Indian traditions on Human rights – Universal Human Rights and values – International Accountability – Normative foundations laid under the United Nations – The Universal Declaration of Human Rightsand International Bill of Human Rights and other instruments – Transition to modern Human rights – issues and challenges United Nations System, Human Rights Monitoring institutions and their effectiveness – Contemporary Challenges in an era of Human and Humanitarian Discourse.

3. Admiralty Law and Practice

Evolution, Nature, scope and sources of Admiralty Law – admiralty law as a part of law merchant – admiralty law in relation to common law and civil law.

Changing concept of Admiralty frontiers – International waters; Territorial Waters; Contiguous Zone; Exclusive Economic Zone; Continental shelf; International straits; archipelagos; international fisheries; High seas; Conservation and exploitation of marine sources; Sea as a common heritage of mankind – Role of International Maritime Organization – Piracy and hot pursuits.

Admiralty and Admiralty jurisdiction – Enforcement of Admiralty claims – juridical personality of the ship – Arrest of seagoing ships – immunity of Government ships – Admiralty liens and priorities – Mareva Injunction – Jurisdiction in matters of collision – Flag State – Extraterritorial jurisdiction.

Merchant shipping – Safety of Ships – International Safety Management Code and issues of safety – The International Maritime Organization Rules and Regulations – Safety and security regulations at sea and in port, accidents, collisions, salvage, to wage – The laws of harbours and pilotage – Jurisdiction in ports; Access to ports – Ship owner's liabilities for damage to ports – Limitation of ship owner'sliability.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – International agreements – The law on Regulation of Fishing by Foreign Vessels – Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against Safety of Admiralty Navigation and Fixed Platforms on Continental Shelf.

Admiralty Provisions on Criminal Activities – Law related to Merchant Shipping.

4. International Air and Space Law, Policies and Challenges

Development of International Air and Space Law – Treaties Governing Activities in Outer Space – United Nations Instruments – National Air and Space Policy and Administration – National Air and Space Legislation – Launching state and Registering State – Registration and identification – Question of state sovereignty – Jurisdiction – Claim of Property Rights – Regulatory framework governing the space – National Security and Military Space Activities – Military Use of Outer Space – The Space Force – Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Space for Space Missions – United Nations General Assembly Resolution – Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space – United Nations Conference on Disarmament – The Missile Technology Control Regime – International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation.

Commercialization beyond Earth Orbit – concepts – Innovation – Contribution of Space law to Economic and Social Development – International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) Convention and Draft Space Protocol – Creation and registration of International interests in space assets – Default and Remedies – Space Tourism – Case Studies – Space Mining – Luxemburg Law on the Exploration and Use of Space Resources – International Law Principles – International Systems of Space Communications – International Institute for the Unification of Private LawTAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY 11 (UNIDROIT)Space Protocol – International Tele communication Organisation – Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems – International satellite organizations – International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems – Remote Sensing – Issues of International Law in Space Meteorology.

Development and Challenges in International Air and Space Law – Settlement of Disputes and Enforcement of International Air and Space Law – Intersection of Human Rights and Space.

5. International Law of Organisations

Evolution of International Organisations – Geo – Political Circumstances – Establishing Agreements – Constitutions – Conventions – Statutes – Rationality in the introduction of International Organisations – Westphalian Model – Congress of Vienna – Berlin Conference – Hague Conference – Notion of Victors Justice – League of Nations and United Nations – Concept of Succession of International Organisations – Status under International and National Laws – Notions of Supra – Nation, Sovereignty and Sovereign Equality of States, Universal Institutions – Doctrine of Implied Powers – Relation between Host – Member and Non – Member States – Treaty Making Power – Functional Capacity – Contractual Capacity – Impact of International Social Life on Functionality of International Institutions – Establishing International Legal Order and System – Universal Peace and Security – International Co – operation and Promotion of Human Rights – Privileges and Immunities of International Organisations.

United Nations System – Establishing Conferences and Committees – Principal Organs – Admission – Membership – Rights and Duties of Members – Observer Status – Subsidiary Organs and Bodies – Specialised Agencies – Related Organisations – Roles and Functions of United Nations and its organs – International Legislation and International Justice.

Concept of Collective Will and Global Interest – Human Rights and Humanitarian Diplomacy – Convergence of International Institutions – Interface between United Nations and International Institutions – Mutual Co–ordination between State and International Institutions – Impact of International Law on the lex specialis movement represented by International Institutions – Problems of Fragmentation – Expanding horizons of the mandate of international institutions.

6. International Economic Law

Interface between International Law and the Global Economy from the different perspectives: Historical, Contemporary, the Institutional, the Individual, the Developed World and the Global Poor – Significance of International Monetary Relations – Concept, Scope and Sources of International Economic Law – Economic Development and Economic Rights – New International Economic Order and Common Heritage of Mankind – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Word Trade Organization and Trading System – The significance of General Agreement on Trade in Service – Development, food security and land as a natural resource – Principles and Policies of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – Natural resource concessions and international investment arbitration – International Monitory Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – Conditionality and Sovereign debt – The Global Finance and the regulation of International Banking and Finance – International Cartels and Intellectual Property Rights Protectionism and Free trade – Inequality and Injustice to Developing and Least Developed Countries – Economic polarization – International Trade Agreements

Global and Regional Governance – Role of Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGO) and Non – Governmental Organisations (NGO) and Stakeholders – Neoliberalism – Liberalising public goods and services – Laissez faire capitalism – Balancing Trade with Environment, Property Rights and Public Health – Understanding extra – legal and corporate social responsibility pressures – Multi–National Corporations and Human Rights.

7. Settlement of International Disputes

Origin, Nature, Scope of Universal Peace – Essentials of Peace – Role of International Organizations' on Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes – Diplomatic and Non – Diplomatic Means of Settlement – United Nations Law on Progressive Development of Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes – Charter of the United Nations – International Law Commission on Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes – international Declarations – United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, Conciliation Rules, 1980, Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, 1985 – United Nations Model Rules for the Conciliation of Disputes Between States, 1995.

Origin of the Permanent Court of Arbitration – International Court of Justice – Status of Principal Judicial Organ of the United Nations – Definition of International Legal Dispute under the Covenant of League and Charter of the United Nations – Jurisdiction – Contentious – Compulsory – Forum Prorogatum – Provisional Order – Interpretation – Counter – Claims – Revision – Advisory Opinion – Notion of International Judicial Conscience – Consensualist Approaches – Role of International Lawyering in the International Court of Justice – Achieving International Justice – Proliferation of Judicial and Quasi – Judicial Bodies – Impact of Regional Human Rights Court on Individuals Access to Justice.

8. International Diplomatic Law

Origin, Nature, Scope of Diplomacy and Diplomats – sources of Diplomacy – Forms of Diplomacy – International Diplomatic Legal Treaty Framework – Diplomacyof International Organizations – Role of the International Court of Justice in the Progressive Development of Diplomatic Law – International Crisis Management and Contemporary Challenges – Disarment.

9. International Humanitarian and Refugee Law

History and Development of International Humanitarian Law – Modern Humanitarian Law – Geneva Conventions – International and Non – International Armed Conflicts – Legal Protection of International Committee of the Red Cross – National red cross movements – Rules of Conduct of Hostilities – Protected Persons and Resources.

Origin and Development of International Refugee Principles – Concepts of Refugee, Migrant, Immigrant – United Nations Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on Refugees – Refugee Convention and Institutions – India and Refugee Law.

10. Private International Law

Nature, Scope of private International law – Relationship between International Commercial Law, Public International Law and Private International Law – Foreign Element – Operating areas – Extra Territorial Jurisdiction – Theories of Private International Law – Codification of Private International Law – Conflict of Laws in International Judicial Assistance – Conflict of Laws in Family and Children Issues – Conflict of Laws in Virtual World – Conflict of Laws and Regional Harmonisation – Traditional and Contemporary Human Rights under Private International Law.

11. International Criminal Law and Alternative Dispute Resolution

Concept of International Crimes – Origin and Evolution of International Criminal Law – Elements of International Crimes – Classification of International Crimes – Impact of International Criminal Legal Scholarship on the Normative aspects of International Crimes – International Criminal Legal Treaty Framework – Role of International Ad-Hoc Criminal Tribunals in the Progressive Development of International Criminal Law – International Criminal Court – State Responsibility for International Crimes – Contemporary Challenges – role of Alternative Dispute Resolution techniques in settlement of disputes – Case studies.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

1. Legal Education, innovative Pedagogy and Legal Research

Legal education and social change – Agencies of legal education – Legal education and special role of Bar Council of India – Methods of Teaching, Evaluation and Supervision – Social Justice – Constitutional Philosophy of Social Justice – Shift from Legal Education to Justice Education – Clinical Legal Education – Information and Communication Technology in Legal Education – Electronic or Online Legal Data Bases – Research methods, design, evaluation – Research Projects – Socio Legal research – Empirical Legal Research – Judicial process – Legal Reasoning – Dimensions of Judicial Process – Evolution of Doctrines and Principles – emerging challenges in the constitutional law – Law as an instrument of social change in all spheres of the Society – Alternative Approaches to Law.

2. Basic concepts on Environmental Protection

Meaning, definition and concept of Environment – its components, Ecology, Biosphere, Ecosystem, Bio Diversity – International history of Environmentalism – Developments of International Environmental law Concept – Environmentalism in Indian Tradition and Culture – history of Environmental protection – Pitambar Pant Committee – Tiwari Committee – National Centers for Environmental Prediction – Department of Environment – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change – National Policies related to Environment – Five Year Plans – Environmental Movements – Protection of Environment under the Indian Constitutional Provisions – International Obligations – Judicial Role, Expansion of Locus Standi, Public Interest Litigation, Constitutional Remedy for Protection of Environment, Dynamic Interpretation of the Constitutional provisions – Environmental Protection under General Civil and Criminal Laws.

3. Protection of Forest, Wildlife, Water Bodies, Land, Bio Diversity, Marine life

Forest laws before 1927 in India – Background of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 – Conservation under the Indian Forest Act, 1927 – Authorities under the Indian Forest Act 1927 – Forest Conservation Act 1980 – Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority – The Forest Survey of India – Judicial Approach for Forest Conservation – Role of Governments in forest protection – Role of Tribal Community in Forest Governance – The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 – Protection of Biodiversity – National Plans and Missions – National Afforestation Plan – National Green India Mission – Schemes for Forest Fire Prevention and Management – Agencies (Forest Devolpment Agency(FDA), State Forest Devolpment Agency (SFDA), Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC)).

The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 – Provisions of Constitution of India, The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhitaon wildlife protection – Sanctuaries and National Parks, Licensing of Zoos and Parks, State Monopoly in the Sale of Wild Life and Wild Life Articles – The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 – Offences against Wild Life – Wildlife conservation and protection projects in India – The Wildlife Institute of India – The Botanical and Zoological Survey of India – Animal Sacrifices in India – Tamil Nadu Animal Preservation Act, 1958.

Coastal and Marine environment – Challenges – Exploitation of Coastal and Marine resources – Society of Local Authority Chief Executives – International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – Marine Environment and Agenda 21: Integrated management and sustainable development of coastal and marine areas including Exclusive economic zones – Other International Instruments – Wild life (Protection) Act 1972 – The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 – The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 – Biosphere Reserves – Coastal Regulation Zone Notification – Fisheries Regulation – Fisheries Management – Pollution in Coastal and Marine ecosystems.

Water Bodies in India – Different types of inland water bodies – Causes for Water Bodies Destruction in India – Encroachment of Water bodies – Preventive measures against encroachment – Groundwater in India – Major Causes for declining Water Table – Over utilization of ground water – Rainwater Harvesting and conservation – Other measures taken to recharge Ground Water levels in India.

Definitions and concepts – biological diversity, sustainable development – conservation of biological diversity – utilization of the biological resources and the knowledge associated with such resources – The Biological diversity Act, 2002 – promoting sustainable development of biological resources – The Forest Rights Act, 2006.

Protection of Common Land – Legal Machinery on Land resources: Town Planning, slum sanitation – Conservation, utilization and conversion, Eco friendly land plans – Conversion of Agricultural lands into Non-Agricultural Lands and its Impact – Legal Mechanism to Convert Agricultural Lands into Non-Agricultural Lands – National or State Measures to protect wetlands.

The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 – powers, functions and jurisdiction of the National Environmental Tribunal, the National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 – Powers, Functions and Jurisdiction of the National Environment Appellate Authority The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 – powers, functions and jurisdiction National Green Tribunal – case studies on Environmental Dispute.

4. International concerns on environment

Trans boundary environmental harms – migratory birds – protection of wildlife – pollution in seas and international rivers – Greenhouse gas emissions – melting of glaciers and other effects of global warming – exploitation of fossil fuels – Environmental Politics Bilateral and multilateral agreements concerning pollution and management of resources prior to 1972 – role of International Union for Conversation of Nature and United Nations Agencies – United Nations conferences – Stockholm to Rio+20 – Multilateral treaty frame work and bilateral arrangements – soft law instruments – Agenda 21 – Millennium Development Goals – Sustainable Development Goals -Transparency, Public Participation and Access to Information and Remedies – obligation to cooperate in environmental matters – State responsibility – Sustainable Development – Precautionary and Polluter pays – Intergenerational equity – Access and Benefit Sharing regarding natural resources – Common Heritage and Common Concern of Humankind – Sovereign right to exploit natural resources – Environmental Impact Assessment.

Climate change and desertification regimes – High seas and marine resources – governing Antarctic and Arctic – Space Law and Environment – Air Traffic and Pollution.

Non – Proliferation – Nuclear Waste Disposal – Comprehensive Test Ban – India and International Nuclear Resource Cooperation – International Disaster Management Law – Tampere Convention – International Health Regulations – Movement of Hazardous Waste – Marine Pollution – Pollution from Ship and Legal Control – Protecting shared resources – Biodiversity – Forests – Wetlands – Migratory Birds – Natural and Cultural Heritage.

United Nations Agencies for Environment – United Nations Environment Programme – United Nations Development Programme – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – Global Environmental Facility – World Bank – World Trade Organization – International Union of Conversation of Nature – World Wide Fund for Nature – Greenpeace.

5. National and International response on Environmental Pollution

Pollution – Kinds of pollution – Air – Water – Noise – Land pollution – food adulteration – Thermal pollution – Nuclear pollution – Light pollution – Factors contributing Environmental Pollution – Exploitation of Resources – Impact of pollution on environment and human health.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 – The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 – The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 – The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 – The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 – The National Environment Appellate Authority (NEEA) Act, 1997 – The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 – The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.

The Stockholm conference 1972 – Brundtland commission 1983 – Nairobi conference 1982 – The Rio Summit 1992 – The Rio Declaration at the earth charter – Major achievement of the Rio Summit – Main features of the Rio Declaration – Kyoto conference and part on Global Warming 1997 – recent developments – Review of different Case studies on Environmental pollution – international perspective.

The Polluter Pays Principle – European Community Treaty – Rio Declaration of 1992 – Compensation to the Victims of Pollution – Ecological Restoration – The Precautionary Principle – United Nation's Conference – The Public Trust Doctrine – Right to live in a Healthy Environment – Judicial Activism – Role of National Green Tribunal.

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) under the environmental Protection Act, 1986 – Rationale behind Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) – Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) methodology and process – Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification 2006 – functions of the impact Assessment Agency – Public hearing and Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) – Understanding types and methodology Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) – Evolution of standards of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) – Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) in India – Comparative review of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) process in other countries.

Environmental Protection Rules and Handling Waste Management by combating pollution – from Hazardous waste, Bio – Medical Waste, Municipal Solid Waste, Plastic Usage and Waste, E-waste – Management – Limitations on Emissions – Chlorofluorocarbon preventing the damage to the ozone layer – prevention and mitigation – toxic spills and leaks.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change – Central and State Pollution Control boards – Green tribunal – Regulatory bodies enforcing various environmental laws.

6. Environment Energy and Mining Laws

Definition and concepts relating to Mining and Energy, Impact of Mining and Energy production on Environment – Conventional or Non-conventional – Mining and Energy production in India.

Mining and Energy issues – Geo politics – International Energy Disputes – Energy subsidies and World Trade Organization – Global Management in Mining for Sustainable Development – Sustainable Mining Practices – United Nations Industrial Development Organization – Sustainable Energy Solutions and Clean Technologies – Goals related to Mining and Energy under Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030.

Constitutional framework regulating mining and energy sector in India – Supreme Court decisions on Mining Laws in India – Privatization of Mining – Energy sources and conservation – National Energy Policies.

Mining on Land – Mines and Minerals Act – Regulatory Structure – Coal Mining – Minor Minerals – Sand Mining – Off-Shore Mining – Environmental protection – Mitigation of environment degradation – environment friendly technology – Displacement due to mining – Rehabilitation of closed and abandoned mine sites – Afforestation and Preservation of Biological.

Laws relating to Electricity – Nuclear Energy – Laws, Safety principles, Security, Prevention and Protection, Responsibility, Compensatory, Sustainable and developmental, Interdependence and transparency, liability, relating to environment.

7. Climate Change Laws, Policy and Management

Climate, Elements of climate – Climate Change – Types and Impacts of Climate Change – Risk of Irreversible Changes – global warming – impact on Human, Animals, Society, and environment – Ozone layer: Importance, depletion, causes, depleting substances, effects – Mitigation measures – International protocols – Environmental policy debate.

Global Climate Changes Regime – United Nation Frame work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 – Carbon credit and carbon trading – Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, the Paris Agreement, 2015.

National Emissions trading Measures – Green house and Energy Reporting – Environmental Impact Assessment and Approval Requirements – Nuclear Power Policy – Carbon Trading and Sequestration – Renewable and Low Emissions Energy Sources – Geo sequestration – Energy Efficiency Requirements.

Climate change Action – Contribution of Judiciary – Non-Governmental Sector in Climate Change law – Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – National Action Plan on Climate change – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change – United Nation Climate Action Summit – Environment and Climate Change Laws and Regulations 2020 - Mitigation actions – Sustainable – Clean Energy – Green Technologies – Climate Change and Sustainable Development Goals, 2030.

S. GEORGE ALEXANDER, Secretary to Government. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF STATIONERY AND PRINTING, CHENNAI ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU