REGISTERED NO. D. (D.N.)-72 The Gazette of India
EXTRAORDINARY
PART I—Section 1
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
No. 28] N EW DELHI, M O N D A Y, FEBRUARY 14, 1983/MAGHA 25, 1904
SeparatepagingisgiventothisPartinorderthatitmaybefiledasaseparate
compilation
1330GI/82
(1)
2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PARI I- S E C. 1] 3 4 THE GAZETTE^OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I -SEC. 1 ] 5 6 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART T-SEC. 1] 7DEPARTMENT OF SCTENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RESOLUTION
New Delhi, the 14th Febmaiy, 1983
No. 4/68/83/TIT. H.—The Government of India have h:ul unJer consideration the question of issuing .> Technology Policy Statement. Technological developments need cleai -Guidelines, especially as rcgaids the growth of indigenous technology and the acquisition of technology from outside, Accoidingly the Technology Policy Statement was announc- ed by the Prime Minister on the occasion of the 70th Session of the Indian Science Congress at 'lirupati on 3rd January, 1983.
The Statement is enclosed as AppcrrJix.
S. VARADARATAN, Secy.
APPFND1X
TECHNOI OGY POLICY STATEMENT
Picamble :
Political freedom must lead to economic independence and the alleviation of the burden of poverty. We bn\c regarded science and technology as the basis of economic progress. As a result of three decades of planning, and the Scientific Policy Resolution of 1958, we now have a strong agricnl- tuial and industrial base and a scientific manpower impiescive in quafity, numbers and range of skills. Given clear-cut objectives and the necessary support, our science has shown its capacity to solve problems,
The fronticis of knowledge aie beirrg extended at incre- dible seed, opening up wholly n.-w areas anJ introducing new concepts. Technological advances are influencing life- styles as well as societal expectations.
- nf ih piun<>M\
imns . ^ovLinmcni.il, OLorMimie, MKI.II and ocn inldU'dual, which binl us U> outmoded systems and institutions. Technology must be viewed in the bioadeast sense, covering the agricultuial and the scivices sectois along with the obvi- ous manufacturing sector. The lattei stietches ovct a wide spectrum winning from village, small-scale and cottage indus- tries (often based on li.iditional skills) to medium, heavy and sophisticated industiics. Our philosophy iH a mixed economy involve- the opei.ilion of the piivate, public and loinl seclois, including those with foreign equity partici- pation. Our directives must clcailv define systems Tor the choice of technology, taking into account economic, social and ciirtui nl factors along with technical considerations, indi- nerrou^ development and sunpoil to lechnologv, an I utilizatinn of such tcchnologv: acquisition of tcchnoloiry (hiough impoit and its subsequent absoiption, adaptation and upgrada'ion; ensuiing competitiveness at international levels in all neces- sary areas; and establishing links between the \atious ele- ments concerned with generation of tcchnoTogy, its transfor- mation into efonomiLullv utih/abk form, the sector lespon- sible for production fwhich is the user of such 'echno'epy), financial institutions concerned with the resources needed for these activities, and the piomotioiml and regulating arms of the Government. This Technology Policy Statement is in response to the need for guidelines to cover this wide-ranging and complex set of intci-related areas. Keeping in mind the capitsd- SIMICC ch,nrii_W of a devcloning economy it aims at ensuring that om available natural en lownvnts, especially human , tcsources. HIT optimally utilized foi n continuing increase in the well-being of nil sec1 ions of our people We seek technological advancement not for prestige or aggrandisement bu<- to solve out multifarious problems and to be able to safeguard our independence and our unity. Our modernization, far from diminishing the enormous diver- sity of our regional traditions should help 1o enrich them und to make the undent wisdom of our na'iorr more mcan- ingfuT to our people. Our task is gigantic and calls for close co-ordination between the different departments of the Central an 1 Sfate Governments and also of (hose concerned, at all levels, with any sector of economic, scientific or technological' activity, and not least, the understanding and involvement of the entile Indian people. We look particularly to voung people to Vtrinu a scientific altitude of mind to bear on all our pioblerns 2. Aims and Objectives • 2 1 Aims: The basic objectives of the Technologv Policy will be the development of indigenous technology and efficient absorption and adaptation of imported technology appiopriate to national priorities and resources. Tts aims are to : di) attain lechnological competence ,md self-reliance, to reduce vuIiK'iability, paiticulaily in slra'tive and critical areas, making the maximum use of indigen- ous resources; (b) provide the maximum gainful and satisfying em- ployment to all strata of -ocietv, v.Uh emphasis on (he employment of women and vvcakcr sections of society;
(d) ensure the correct nm between mass production technologies and production bv the masses; (e) cnsuie maximum development v ith mirvmum- capi- it) id"-niily ohsul -..tucc OL lechnolopv, HI use and .u i jnp" ioi ni'Hleimillion ut" both iquipiin'JH ,md U ;l nolt_iii\, Ig) develop technologies which rue internationally com- petitive, particularly tlioic with export potential; ih) impiove pioduction speedily through gieutci effi- ciency and fuller utilization of existing capabilities, and enhance the quality and ldiability of nctlorm- unee and output, (i; reduce demanJs on energy, particularly energy from non-renewable sources; (}) ensure harmony vvith the environment, pteseive the ecological balance and improve the quality of Ihc habitat; and (k) iccyde waste material and make Hill utilization ot by products. 2 2 Self-Reliance: In a country of India's siVe and endowments, self-reliance is inescapable and must b" at the very heart of technological development. We must aim at major technological break- throughs in the shortest possible time for the development of indigenous technology appropriate to national priorities and resources. For this, Ihc role of different agencies will be iderrtiiied, responsibilities assigned und the necessary link- ages established. 2.3 Stiengtfu-ning (he Technology Base: Research and Development, together with science an-1 technology education and training of a high order, vvilr be accorded pride of place. The base of science and techno- logy consists of trained and skilled manpower at various levels, covering a vvidc range of disciplines, and an appro- priate institutional, legal and fiscal infrastructure. Consoli- dation of the existing scientific base and selective strengthening of thrust areas in it are essential. Special attention will be given to the promotion anvl strengthening of the technology base in newly ctneiging and fioniicr areas such as information nnJ materials sciences, electronics and bio-technol'ogv. Edu- cation and training to upgiade skills aic also of utmost importance. Basic research and the building of centres of e\cel|ence will be encouraged. Skills and skilled workers will be accorded special re- cognition. The aualiiy and efficiency of the technology generation an.l delivery systems will be continuously moni- Uncd and upgraded. All of this calls for substantiaT financial investments and also strengthening of the linkages between various sectors (educational institutions, R fit D establish- ments, industry and governmental machinery"). 3. PRTORTTTFS: 3 1 Need for Perspective Planning: The time scales involved in the generation of technology are i'ong, even with imported elements. Therefore, relevant technologies in all area* of priority, particularly where large investments are to be made, should bo clearly identified well in advance. The cost and time element involved in the import of technology and indigenous development will lie given c-onsi Ieia*ion. Components which could he assigned to the various institutions which are capable of developing them or which could be built up for such activities will be identified. Ministries concerned with large investments and pioduction activities in areas such as food, health and cneicv will be provided with appropriate technica1 siippoif thiou.sh sui'iibly shiictiircd S&T groups. 3.2 Employment- Human resouicei constitute our richest endowment. Con- ditions will lie created for the fullest expression and utilization of scientific talent. JVPCHSIUC will be taken for the identi- fication and diffusion of technologies that can progressively reduce the incidence of poverty and unemployment, and of iij/inful inequalities. 1 lie jpplkatiuii ui science and tech-' "n|u(T\ lm tlir lflipiovcmuit ot standaids of living ol thoat I'jigjgcd m tiadiiion.il activities will be piomoted, particulaily household icxlinolouit's, reebnologies relevant to the cottage, vn'mge and small industries sectoi will be upgraded. In the decentialized sector labour must be diversified and all steps taken to reduce drudgery. In all sectors, the potential impact on employment will be an important critenoa in the choice of technology. 3-3 Energy: Energy constitutes an expensive and sometimes scarce input. Therefore, the energy requirements both of a direct and indirect nature for each pioduct and each production activity and the associated technology employed will be analyse!. Measures will be devised to avoid wastajje oi; non-optimal use of energy. Fiscal measures as necessary will be introduced lo ensure thes£. Reseaieh and Develop- ment in the eneigy sector will aim at impioving the efficiency of its production, distribution and utilization, as well as improvement of efficiency in processes and equipment. 3.4 Efficiency and Productivity; Technologies already employed will be evaluated on a continuing basis to realiso maximum benefits in terms of increased production and lower costs, specially in the public sector enterprises. l:vcry effort should be made to utilise by-products and wherever possible to recycle waste materials, especially these fiom urban areas. Programmes to make use of easily available and less costly materials will' bo supported. 3-5 Environment: Development should not upset the ecological balance for short as weir as lonfi-tcrm considerations. Poorly planned efforts to achieve apparently rapid development, ignoring the long-term effocf of many technologies on the environment, have resulted in serious ecological damage. Tt Is, therefore, essential to analyse the environmental impact of the appli- cation of each technology. Due regard win bo given to the preservation and enhancement of the environment in the choice of technologies. Measures to improve environ- mental hygiene will be evolved. 3 6 Some Specific Areas hi technology development special emphasis will be focused on food, health, housing, energy and industry. Tn parti- cular, stress win be laid on; — agriculture including dry-land farming; — optimum use of water resources, increased pro- duction ot piihes nn.l oilseeds; •— provision of drinking water in rural areas, improve- ment of nutrition, rapid reduction in the incidence of blindness, eradication of the maior communi- cable diseases (such as leprosy and tuberculosis), and population stabilization; — Tow-cost housing; •— development and use of renewable non-conventional sources of energy; and — industrial development. 4. INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY 4.1 Importance of Technology Development Fullest support will be given to the development of indi- genous technology to achieve technotogical self-reliance and reduce the dependence on foreign inputs, particularly in critical and vulnerable areas and in high value-added items in which the domestic base is strong. Strengthening and diversifying the domestic technology base are necessaiy to reduce imports and to expand exports for which international competitiveness must be ensured. 4 2 inventions The spurt ot lniuv tion and invention 's ihe d r u m. leie behind all technological change We must awaken out science and technology to the exciting challenges ot oui times piovide incentives, to encouiage inventors and diieel thei efforts to areas of special importance The systan of lewards and incentives will be strengthened foi in\cn lions innov itior.s and technological bieakthioughs ana then utilization The fullest opportunity will be piovided to make use ot inventions 4 i Fnhanung Traditional Skills and Capabifmes fiaditional skills and capabilities will reed to be upgiadvd anl enhanced using knowledge and techniques genet ated h\ advances m science and technology Technologies which will lesult in low co=t pioduUton and in products maiket ihle close to the point of manui acture paiticulatlv in the final sectoi will be promoted Support will be given to technologies which i educe pressure on items in short supplv and I'tili/c imp o\ed local matends and metric U Oovein mefit will t,ive piefeience to pioducts of such technologies in its own purchases The adoption or technologies thai can promote decentr iliied pioduction wil' be help d i r o c" the support to design marketing qu ilitv eontrol in ' uthei seivices 4 4 Fnsunng TirneK \vailabilit\ The time cycit fiom scientific icseaieh to utihz itior i" a long one Hence the need to initiate action well 11 advance to identify and ensure timely avail ibihu and d di ven of new technologies Encouiagement and -.until ifise.ii commercial and aelmmi^tuitive > will be given to the piohic tion ind user oie niz itiorvs to he associated with uu! parti cip ite in teehnolo.v development efforts ui ippiopt ite st
4 s L,DSI idation to Pievent Obsolescence leehnology is constantlv one the movt The hist >t indigenous technology should be capable of utilizing vvoild wiJe idvances and udaptms, them to local needs The creation and stienethenmc ot institution il struetuies tot keeping tiack o1 internitional developments will icceise ument attention \ snong centud group v\iH be constituted to undertake technologv forecast and technology assessment studies and will lntei alia draw up piogtumtnes ot puiposefu! lesearch Anangements will be made to piovide high-Stevel scientific t Ivite in majoi sectoi s or the economy Where bu in- vestments aie involved or a laige volume ot pioduction i> envisaced it will be incumbent on the Ministry oi agencv concerned to provide a technology forecast covenn its >e q n n e m e n ts o v er •H t e n - y e ar ot l o n g er p e r i od i nd e v o l ve <• sti itegv for development based On priorities 4 6 Ineieasing if" Demand foi Tnhgenous Teehnoloev Oui country has iheadv invested significant amounts in setting up reseaich and development facilities as well as design consultancy and engineeune capabilities The tech nological potent! i1 Tiei^st in this svsiem ot lmeilinkc' capabilities rnust he fullv utilized and in tuin piovide fillip for further development fiom within the system 1) centives wnl therefore be pi ^vided to useis of mdigenoiislv developed technolosv md ior pioiucts and ptocesses ie suiting foi such use 47 Pieteuntial T e ltment in view of the cost of technology development ..nd the time necessaiy foi successful marketms of a new oi lm pioved pioduct mdicenouslv developed items are tnvjuabK at a disadvantage compared with imported toducts or those based on imorted technologies and biand names Support must theiefoie be piouded through fiscal and ofhei mea smes foi i limited period in fnvoui of ptodtiUs made thiough tndieenoiiMj developed technologies tare beinc taken to ensuie quality 4 8 Fiscal incentives Suuable finmciil mechmisms will K established tc faci- litite investment on pilot pi ints piocess de-ionstt ttwn units and piototvpe development in order It enable t pd commeicul exploitation of technologies de^cioed in " ho
4 9 D e s ur Fnjince inc Cap)bilitu.s in design enj,inecimg are esseat! foi th" tianslition ot know how to eommeicud piojuctioi This is particululv important in aieas ielating to igriciltuwt pioduction agro industites mtttlhtrgical chemte t( inC pec tochemicil proces' machine tools mdustual m i^l1itierv md cipitai goods as Well as for the constitution and erection oi entire plants Building un and cuhaneint. thes v. tpjbilififs will h ue i c itdlv'ic beneficial imp ict en tht utilizano >f indigenous efforts th it have tesulte I in pi i duct iJl " - ->s ki)Ov\ how i \istint, desian engineeune c i f u b i i t to HI' CO stieigthened and uoeiadcd md intti ic 101 cfw u __d between design engintv ing organ/ ition v^det u ^v c seaich institutions and mdusiiv ^ h e r e \ tr t, ip\ ^ V ^n crgineenn. c ip ihihties will Ix developed nn' n t e 4 !0 tnsineeiin-. C onsult in^v FngineeiUK eonsulLanev is a vitil alei tit eisi " tVJy techr logic il ml industrial deve'opnunt It tn^ ,. TI e nppiopniti. utilization ot indigenous mateinU i 1 ini d m \ hm v Engineenri, consultancv provides • ^ t-* tl lin,k between R ' iD institution^ and ir>dustrv md bu p motes effective tumsfer oi technologv C p ibili to u il svstems ensmeeuru pieces development ir p eCr mmleeraent should be develops 1 with coll bot itit f TC Quned \\heievei c ipabihty exists utilizitiui It d un consult tnev encmeeiins orgamz itions will be p LUO'IH E en wheie foreign teehnic il eollaboiation oi consult n-v i>. ven vtdeied un ivoidabie ls^ociation of design ited I " ' nr ^om~ sultjna tn^intCiint. oiganizatiori would bv prefei ;u Inch scnous engineeimt, ^onsiiltincv in both p t n a t; iru public sector will be piomoted on a sound profe s c ^a s l^ l f1 th context of the o\ei ill rational petspeetiv-11 i> t^^irclcn c il selt-iehance 4 1 1 In house R eV D In house R a. D units in lodustiv piovide o^-. c inj essential interface between efforts within fi^ ""h n \ah i itoiies and the ediieationa! sectoi as well 5 pi MC ifl 1 in industiv Xppiopmte incentives Will K tivw tc. the se'tmg up ot R A. D units 111 mdustiv and fv, i^aua^rv in cuidmg those on 1 coop'i itive b isis t n te \ is£\ \ •' 1-^ encouraged to set un R &D units of 1 si/e - ^ r^ th accomplislme it of m not technologici\ tasks ^ TFCHNOIOCA ACQUISITION "> 1 Mi\ ot Indigenous md Impoited T ^ni r' c \ policv duected tow irds technologic il sel* 1 ^ dc^ not jmph tecfinoloa'cal selr-sufficiencv The tttiot m 1 f be nation 1? interest Government policv MI be vi e^ towards 1 educing technological dependence IP Ve irea^ •\dvmtiLe should be taken ot technologic t developments elsevvheie This can ilso be achieved throi ^r well-defirce! eollaborat\c inangements in ie>-e"cb ind development At \n\ -,iven point of time tbete wifl be i nx ot jndi genous ar „ imported technolo^ H o " ew tcvti-ologv "icquisitio-i trom outside sh il' not be at tbe > xpen^^ ol national interest Tndi^erou, niti tivc mu r iec>"iv,. uu iccogmtior ind suppoif ?n •t'ne . cents-doon of lechmlogy. consideration vvill be given to ihc choice and sources of technology, alternative means oi" . ^qinn'-g it. its role in meeting ;i iru.jor felt need, selee- tko .'id : el'e\ ante of the products, costs, and related eon- d:V':1 >'. A National Register on Foreign Collaboration will be -'f. eloped to provLle anahtica] inputs at various '.(ages oi isvijnoiogical acquisition. j.L, i'niKifles of Acquisition and fcehnoiogy Assessment 7-"heic the need to import technology is e^tahiShed, every cji.ii should be made to ensure that it is of the highest level, consisn,nt v nh requirements and resources. The technology in--!.-.;r "il] he so planned as to have effective transfer ol' b:v3c knowledge (know-why) and to facilitate further ad- weeriient. .'.5 Te^hnoloyeal !'T(..".r. lion The a.aiiabinlv of an e i K k nt s>st;m of eoliection and ri'ih-is. o! relevant teehno:o.LUCal jnfoimotion, laduuing cost j n d ' o ' h er economic aspects, ;-; a prere-.iuisite ior the appro- n m te choice oi technologies. Fhis will consideranlv en- hance the possibility of obiriining 1".'\ "in oble terms and con- J.iuoas m acquisition of 1ecr.nolo:">. Such a t-chnologv in- formation base will be established. r,.l Oiifti--on Special eiious need to be alade fc the diffusion ot tech- nok>u> in use to -iii bcneiiciarie, \ ho can employ them opti- m"JIj! ^pi-.'cpnate nieasutts shall be evohed to facilitate :c\!"ioio>;v oii;'u-!^n. lncliiuiri!; : hori/outid trarsfsi; tvchnc- 'ueicul suppoii for ar.ciiKuies flora lajye irniis; technology ;n.:i,-ts to maii i'ni s; ami n.i=''i'dation of t ..ditiop'.-.l 'i;iiK •r:d Ciipai'iiities hi ;nic-t!i;ino.i,i| (. omp(.'tit:v.;-'e-s and (ec^r.ulnjry r\ rt.; •, •-, 4
• \n PLnr.rsHno BY THE CONTROLLER -OF pu^n r iT Ju .v s, D;:i,Hr-31OO54. 19831310 GI ^2—2
1-') THE GK/iETCn OTlXDiA : EXTRAORDINARY
[PVRTI -SIX. 1